The most important reason for the growth of labor unions in the latter half of the 19th century was

Final answer:

The most important reason for the growth of labor unions in the latter half of the 19th century was poor working conditions and lack of rights for workers. Workers realized the need for organization to bring about meaningful change and formed labor unions that advocated for their rights through political engagement and negotiations with employers. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) emerged as a successful federation of unions.

Explanation:

The most important reason for the growth of labor unions in the latter half of the 19th century was the poor working conditions and lack of rights for workers. Workers were frustrated with their limited options for relief and the sporadic acts of protest and violence that rarely resulted in lasting change. They realized that to bring about meaningful change, they needed to organize into labor unions that could advocate for their rights through political engagement and negotiations with employers.

Groups like the National Labor Union and Knights of Labor embraced a universal approach, welcoming all wage earners regardless of gender, race, or skill level. This departure from the craft unions of the early 19th century allowed for greater unity among workers. However, the negative publicity surrounding violent labor strikes ultimately turned public opinion against these unions.

The American Federation of Labor (AFL), which was formed as a loose affiliation of different unions, emerged and grew in the wake of the universal organizations. While the AFL faced challenges due to negative publicity, it gained significant membership and was able to make progress in improving workers' rights.

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