Biomes are large regions characterized by certain conditions, including a range of climate and ecological communities adapted to those conditions. Ecosystems consist of all interactions between biotic and abiotic factors functioning together in an area. How are ecosystems and biomes related? A. Biomes and ecosystems are identical in size and composition.
B. A biome includes many similar ecosystems.
C. Organisms found in ecosystems cannot be found in biomes.
D. An ecosystem includes many different biomes.

The  answer is; horizontal gene transfer

The other form of gene transfer is the vertical gene transfer where genes are transfers from parents to offspring. Horizontal gene transfer is common in bacteria and is significant in transferring favorable genes such as antibiotic resistance in a bacteria population. An example of this horizontal gene transfer in bacteria is conjugation and transformation.  

Answer:

they share a common ancestor

The difficulties that a cell faces as it increases in size are a reflection of the fact that cells are complex systems.

As a cell increases in size, it faces a number of difficulties. These include:

Diffusion:  As a cell gets larger, the distance between the cell membrane and the center of the cell increases. This makes it more difficult for nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cell, and for waste products to diffuse out of the cell.

Surface area to volume ratio:  The surface area to volume ratio is a measure of how much surface area a cell has relative to its volume. As a cell gets larger, its surface area to volume ratio decreases.

This means that the cell has less surface area to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste products with its environment.

Cytoskeleton:  The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that provides support and structure for the cell. As a cell gets larger, the cytoskeleton must become more complex and stronger in order to support the increased weight and volume of the cell.

Organelle function:  As a cell gets larger, its organelles must also become larger and more numerous in order to meet the increased metabolic demands of the cell. However, there is a limit to how large and numerous organelles can become before they become inefficient or even dysfunctional.

For all of these reasons, there is a limit to how large a cell can grow. Once a cell reaches a certain size, it becomes more efficient for it to divide into two smaller cells.

This allows the new cells to have a more favorable surface area to volume ratio and to have more efficient access to nutrients and oxygen.

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