A forest is cut down to make room for a housing development. Which population is most likely to survive? A.
raccoons, which can eat a variety of foods

B.
woodpeckers that need to nest in a particular tree

C.
large predators that need to hunt over a wide area

D.
salamanders that hibernate in rotting logs

T killer cells are responsible.

The difficulties that a cell faces as it increases in size are a reflection of the fact that cells are complex systems.

As a cell increases in size, it faces a number of difficulties. These include:

Diffusion:  As a cell gets larger, the distance between the cell membrane and the center of the cell increases. This makes it more difficult for nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cell, and for waste products to diffuse out of the cell.

Surface area to volume ratio:  The surface area to volume ratio is a measure of how much surface area a cell has relative to its volume. As a cell gets larger, its surface area to volume ratio decreases.

This means that the cell has less surface area to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste products with its environment.

Cytoskeleton:  The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that provides support and structure for the cell. As a cell gets larger, the cytoskeleton must become more complex and stronger in order to support the increased weight and volume of the cell.

Organelle function:  As a cell gets larger, its organelles must also become larger and more numerous in order to meet the increased metabolic demands of the cell. However, there is a limit to how large and numerous organelles can become before they become inefficient or even dysfunctional.

For all of these reasons, there is a limit to how large a cell can grow. Once a cell reaches a certain size, it becomes more efficient for it to divide into two smaller cells.

This allows the new cells to have a more favorable surface area to volume ratio and to have more efficient access to nutrients and oxygen.

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