Ans.
The membrane proteins that pump sodium ions out of the cell from inside and potassium ions inside the cells are called as sodium-potassium pumps or sodium-potassium ATPases.
These proteins perform active transport by using energy from ATP hydrolysis and transport two potassium ions inside the cells, along with transport of three sodium ions outside the cells, against the concentration gradient.
Thus, the correct answer to complete the sentence is sodium.
Answer:
answer is C
Explanation:
antonio is considering that since the spiders came first, it cannot have 'derived traits' from anything. spiders themselves are the ancestralspecies of the insects
A baby's bones begin to grow in the womb. At birth, the skeleton is partially formed. Many bones are still in "parts." The ends (epiphyses) and bony shafts (diaphyses) of long bones form separately in the womb. At birth, the ends of the long bones are mainly cartilage, with centers of bone beginning to form inside. As a child grows, the shafts get longer, and bone gradually replaces the cartilage epiphyses. Through the growing years, a layer of cartilage (the growth plate) separates each epiphyses from the bone shaft.
Clavicle. Image courtesy of: Smithsonian InstitutionBetween 17 and 25 years, normal growth stops. The development and union of separate bone parts is complete. At this point, you and your skeleton are as tall as you are going to get - with many fewer bone parts than you started with!
Facts:The clavicle (collar bone), pictured above, is the last bone to complete growth, at about age 25.Measuring the length of long bones can give an estimate of age for children, but this technique is useful only until bones have stopped growing.The tibia completes growth at about age 16 or 17 in girls, and 18 or 19 in boys.For toddlers to teenagers up to age 21, teeth are the most accurate age indicators. Learn more here!In AdultsSkeletons record an adult's age in several ways. The surfaces of the cranium, pubic bones, and rib ends hold clues. At the microscopic level, investigators can see the bone "remodeling" that takes place throughout life, as well as age-related bone breakdown.
Bone "Remodeling"Femur cross sections of adults ages 24 (left) and 77 (right). Images courtesy of: Smithsonian InstitutionEven after childhood growth stops, bone "remodeling" continues. Throughout a lifetime, bone makes new osteons — minute tubes containing blood vessels. Microscopic exams show these changes, which can indicate adult age to within 5 to 10 years. Younger adults have fewer and larger osteons. Older adults have smaller osteons and more osteon fragments, as new ones form and disrupt older ones.
Clues in the CraniumCraniums of a 20 year-old (left) and a 70 year-old (right). Images courtesy of: Smithsonian InstitutionThe bones that enclose the brain grow together during childhood along lines called cranial sutures. During adulthood, bone "remodeling" may gradually erase these lines, at variable rates. Closure of cranial sutures gives general information about a person's age. It is best used with additional indicators to estimate age, or when other age indicators are unavailable.
Other Age-Related ChangesArthritis on the spine as evidenced by "lipping" of the vertebrae. Image courtesy of: Smithsonian InstitutionWear and tear on a body throughout a lifetime affects the skeleton. Arthritis of the spine and joints can reflect increasing age. Scientists also recognize many other clues to aging, such as the appearance of the rib ends and the cartilage that joins them to the sternum. In a young adult, the rib end walls are thick and smooth, with a scalloped or rounded edge. In an older adult, the walls are thin, with sharp edges, and the rim often has bony, irregular projections.
Weathering, erosion, and uplift occur at the same rates.
B.
Weathering, erosion, and uplift occur at the same rates now as they did in the past.
C.
Weathering, erosion, and uplift occur faster now than in the past.
D.
Weathering, erosion, and uplift occur slower now than in the past.
The correct answers are:
- plates moving;
- breaking rocks;
- movement bellow the surface;
The earthquakes are a direct result of the plate tectonics. In order for an earthquake to appear, there should be a geologic activity caused by the movement of the tectonic plates. The movement of the tectonic plates causes a lot of pressure on the rocks. The rocks eventually break at certain places under the pressure. A they break, there's movement bellow the surface, or rather inside the crust, also referred to as adjustment. That movement and the release of power from it, causes lot of strong vibrations. The vibrations spread out and start shaking the ground in the surrounding area, which is actually the earthquake itself.
Answer:
- plates moving
- breaking rocks
- movement bellow the surface
The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
A mushroom gains its energy by decomposing the tissues of dead organisms. Should mushrooms be classified as autotrophs, heterotrophs, in both groups, or in neither group, and for what reason?
A. They are autotrophs because they do not eat their food, as animals do.
B. They are autotrophs because decomposition is very similar to photosynthesis.
C. They are heterotrophs because their food is made by other organisms.
D. They are both autotrophs and heterotrophs, because they may grow in sunlight or darkness.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C.
Explanation:
Heterotrophs are the species, which do not possess the tendency to produce their own food and rely upon other organisms for their food. Fungi are the heterotrophs as they obtain their food from other dead or living organisms.
Mushrooms come under the kingdom Fungi and obtain their food by decomposing dead remnants of organisms or feeding for the production of energy.
Answer:
Explanation:
Mushrooms are heterotrophs because they obtain energy from other animals