This process is known as pollination.
- Prodixy ☕
Answer:
A nucleotide is composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.
Explanation:
1. Nitrogenous Base: There are two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides: purines and pyrimidines. Purines include adenine (A) and guanine (G), while pyrimidines include cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) in RNA. These nitrogenous bases have different pKa values: adenine and guanine have pKa values around 3.5, while cytosine, thymine, and uracil have pKa values around 4.5.
2. Sugar Molecule: The sugar molecule in a nucleotide is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA). Deoxyribose and ribose are both five-carbon sugars. Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom at the 2' carbon position, while ribose has a hydroxyl group (OH) at the same position. The pKa of the sugar molecule is not relevant to the connection between nucleotides.
3. Phosphate Group: The phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is connected to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule, forming a phosphodiester bond. The pKa of the phosphate group is around 1.
The three components of a nucleotide connect to each other through covalent bonds. The nitrogenous base is connected to the 1' carbon of the sugar molecule, forming a glycosidic bond. The phosphate group is connected to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule through a phosphodiester bond. This connection repeats in a linear fashion, forming a chain of nucleotides. In DNA, this chain forms the double helix structure through hydrogen bonding between complementary nitrogenous bases (A with T and G with C), while in RNA, the chain remains single-stranded.
To summarize, the three components of a nucleotide are the nitrogenous base, the sugar molecule, and the phosphate group. The relevant pKa values are around 3.5 for adenine and guanine, around 4.5 for cytosine, thymine, and uracil, and around 1 for the phosphate group. These components connect to each other through glycosidic bonds between the base and the sugar, and phosphodiester bonds between the sugar and the phosphate group.
B. gene mapping
C. DNA fingerprinting
D. STR analysis
The right answer is gene mapping.
The act of mapping consists of determining the relative positions of the loci (genes or DNA sequences) on a chromosome. The binding maps are obtained from the recombination frequency between the loci. Physical maps are generally obtained by the use of in situ hybridization of cloned DNA fragments with metaphase chromosomes, or the use of somatic or hybrid irradiation hybrids.
Through gene mapping, mutations that cause Parkinson’s disease can be identified.
Further Explanation:
Parkinson’s disease is known to be a nervous system disorder that is progressive in nature and affects the movement of an individual. The symptoms begin slowly and generally start with a small very visible tremor in just one upper extremity. These tremors are common; however, the disorder also leads to hardness and restriction of movements. The familial cases of this can be the result of mutations in the following genes, LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN, and SNCA.
Gene mapping illustrates the methods which are used to detect the locus of the gene as well as distances between the genes. The technique generally works by collecting molecular markers on their provided genome positions. These markers are in all types and can be viewed as one special kind of genetic marker while constructing the genome maps.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High school
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Genes and genetic diseases
Keywords:
Gene, gene mapping, mutations, markers, Parkinson’s disease, genome, distances, techniques, maps.
A part of the cell theory is cells come from pre-existing cells. The correct option is A.
The cell theory is the conclusion of many scientists. There are three postulates of the cell theory. They are: all organisms are made up of cells. New cells are made up of old cells, and the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
The cell is the smallest and basic unit of life. All functions of the body are performed by cells. It contains a cell organelle that has different functions and structures.
A nucleus is present in the cell and microscopic organs must have a single cell, they are not a part of cell theory, this is more related to the organism, not cells.
Thus, the correct option is A. cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Answer:
Cells come from pre-existing cells
Explanation: