B. human gene in birds, fish, insects and plants
C. a living whale with a basic hip bone structure
D. bat fossil with a different limb structure than modern bats
Answer:
The correct answer is A. primate and trilobite fossil in the same rock layer
Explanation:
Trilobita is a class of marine arachnomorph arthropods that become extinct at the end of the Permian mass extinction about 250 million years ago. They were one of the most successful animals on earth and lived around 300 million years even more that dinosaur.
The fossil of early primates are nearly 55 million years old and the trilobite become extinct at least 250 year ago, therefore, this discovery provides evidence against the theory of evolution because the fossil of animals who extinct earlier should be found in lower region of soil than the fossil of animals who extinct later. Therefore the correct answer is A.
The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent organism from which all organisms on Earth descended. While it is challenging to definitively determine the specific characteristics of LUCA, scientists have proposed certain properties that it likely possessed based on evolutionary and genetic evidence. Let's analyze each property mentioned in the question:
1. Simple cellular structure:
- LUCA is believed to have had a simple cellular structure. This means it likely had basic cellular components, such as a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and possibly some form of genetic material.
2. Anaerobic metabolism:
- LUCA is thought to have relied on anaerobic metabolism, which means it obtained energy from sources other than oxygen. This is because molecular oxygen was not abundant in the early Earth's atmosphere when LUCA is believed to have existed.
3. Prokaryotic cell type:
- It is widely accepted that LUCA was a prokaryote, meaning it had cells lacking a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are considered the most ancient type of cells on Earth.
4. Extremophile characteristics:
- While it is difficult to determine the specific environmental conditions in which LUCA lived, some scientists propose that it could have been an extremophile, capable of surviving in extreme environments like high temperatures, high salinity, or acidic conditions. However, this is still a topic of scientific debate and further research is needed.
5. Heterotrophic nutritional strategy:
- LUCA is believed to have been heterotrophic, meaning it obtained nutrients by consuming organic compounds produced by other organisms. This is in contrast to autotrophs, which can produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis.
In conclusion, based on current scientific understanding, LUCA is likely to have possessed the properties of a simple cellular structure, anaerobic metabolism, prokaryotic cell type, and a heterotrophic nutritional strategy. The presence of extremophile characteristics is still a subject of ongoing research and scientific investigation.
I hope this explanation clarifies the properties that LUCA is believed to have had. Let me know if you have any further questions.
Answer:
(E) present the two sides of the debate concerning the development of the vertebrate skeleton
Explanation:
In the paragraph, the author talks about two sides of view in the subject of vertebrates evolution. On one hand, he/she says that the first idea of vertebrates development is that the skeleton evolved as a defensive character and that many researchers rely on soft-bodied vertebrates to conclude it. On the other hand, he/she says that other researchers postulate that some vertebrate features (as paired eyes and adaptation in some muscles) could not have evolved if the first vertebrates were not depredators.
Epidermis
I think you coppied and pasted it one to many times, so I hope it's just one answer.
Ultraviolet light primarily causes the production of Vitamin D3 in the cells of the epidermis. Smaller amounts are also produced in the dermis and hypodermis.
Ultraviolet light stimulates the production of vitamin D3 primarily in the cells of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of your skin. Additionally, a smaller amount of vitamin D3 production happens in the deeper layer known as the dermis and the hypodermis. However, most references will identify the epidermis as the main site for this production because it has the highest exposure to sunlight, which is crucial for vitamin D3 synthesis.
#SPJ12