answer:
chemial
Explanation:
chemical reactions include the reactivity of an object. physical properties do not include reactivity and electrical and thermal properties are not reactivity either
Volume: ? L
Fossils
Timelines
Molecular clocks
Molecular clocks use the relationship between the DNA of several groups of organisms to evaluate how long ago they diverged evolutionarily from one another. Therefore, option (4) is correct.
The molecular clock can be described as a figurative term for a technique that utilizes the mutation rate of biomolecules to determine the time when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used are usually nucleotide sequences for DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences for proteins.
The benchmarks for calculating the mutation rate are often fossil or archaeological dates. The molecular clock is commonly used in molecular evolution to estimate times of speciation or radiation.
The molecular clock can only give one time period as it cannot assign concrete dates. For viral phylogenetics and ancient DNA studies, the areas of evolutionary biology, the intermediate samples can be utilized to more precisely calibrate the molecular clock.
Learn more about Molecular clocks, here:
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B. If I add substance X, then it will lower the temperature at which water freezes.
C. People should eat vegetables.
D. Bananas are better for you than chocolate. 2: Kobe is testing whether 100 g of substance A, 100 g of substance B, or 100 g of substance C produces more oxygen in a chemical reaction at 25°C. What is the independent variable?
A. the masses of the substances
B. the temperature of the substances
C. the amount of oxygen produced
D. the nature of the substances 3: A chemist measures the amount of mercury in sediment samples from three areas of a river (the source, the midway point, and the mouth). Which of the following is the most reasonable hypothesis for the chemist's experiment?
A. If a chemical plant near the source of the river is dumping mercury, then the mercury levels should be highest at the source and lowest at the mouth.
B. If a chemical plant near the source of the river is dumping mercury, then the mercury levels should be highest at the mouth and lowest at the midway point.
C. If a chemical plant near the source of the river is dumping mercury, then the mercury levels should be highest at the mouth and lowest at the source.
D. If a chemical plant near the source of the river is dumping mercury, then the mercury levels should be the same all along the river.
The correct options are as follows:
1. B.
In scientific investigation, an hypothesis refers to a supposition that is put forward to explain an observed phenomenon. A hypothesis is described as valid if it fulfilled five different conditions. The conditions are as follows:
1. It must be capable of empirical verification.
2. It must be express clearly and it must be definite and certain.
3. It must be specific and it is predictions must be clearly expressed.
4. It must be formulated in such a way that its content can easily be translated to understand the observed phenomenon that give birth to the hypothesis.
5. It should possess theoretical relevance.
2. D.
Scientific investigations usually make use of two major variables, these are dependent variables an independent variables. The dependent variable refers to the variable whose value depend on that of another variable. The independent variable on the other hand refers to that variable whose variation does not depend on the value of another variable. In the question given above, the natures of the three substances is the independent variable because their variation is not determined by any variable.
3. B.
If a chemical plant near the source of a water body is dumping mercury inside the water, then the highest amount of mercury will be found at the mouth of the river while the lowest quantity of mercury will be found at the middle of the water. This is because as the water waves are carrying the mercury deposits away from the mouth of the river, they will disperse it evenly in the river and thus its concentration will reduce compare to that present at the mouth of the river. The highest amount of mercury is found at the mouth of the river because that is where the mercury enters the water.
Answer:
Explanation:
Condensation Reaction:
A condensation reaction, also known as a dehydration synthesis reaction, is a chemical process in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, while a smaller molecule, such as water, is produced as a byproduct. In a condensation reaction, two functional groups, often one containing an -OH group (hydroxyl group) and the other containing an -H group (hydrogen atom), react with each other.
The reaction typically involves the removal of a water molecule (-H2O) to form a covalent bond between the two molecules. This process is commonly seen in the formation of complex organic molecules, such as the synthesis of proteins and the formation of carbohydrates like disaccharides. For example, in the formation of a disaccharide like sucrose (table sugar), a condensation reaction combines a glucose molecule with a fructose molecule, and a water molecule is eliminated in the process.
Hydrolysis Reaction:
A hydrolysis reaction is the reverse of a condensation reaction. In a hydrolysis reaction, a covalent bond in a large molecule is broken by the addition of a water molecule. This process results in the breakdown of the larger molecule into two or more smaller molecules. In essence, the water molecule is used to cleave the bond between the two subunits of the larger molecule.
Hydrolysis reactions are common in the digestion of complex molecules in living organisms. For example, when you eat carbohydrates (like starch) or proteins, the body uses hydrolysis reactions to break down these complex molecules into their constituent monomers (glucose for carbohydrates and amino acids for proteins). Enzymes in the digestive system facilitate hydrolysis reactions, making these large molecules more easily absorbed and utilized by the body.
In summary, a condensation reaction joins molecules together by removing a water molecule, while a hydrolysis reaction breaks down molecules by adding a water molecule to split the bond between their subunits. These processes play critical roles in various biochemical and synthetic pathways in living organisms and chemistry.
Condensation or dehydration synthesis is a reaction where two molecules bond, releasing a water molecule. Hydrolysis involves a water molecule breaking down a compound's bonds. These reactions often occur during the formation or breakdown of larger molecular structures.
A condensation reaction, also known as dehydration synthesis, involves the bonding of two reactants where one gives up a hydrogen atom, and the other gives up a hydroxyl group (OH). These form a covalent bond, and a molecule of water is released as a byproduct.
On the other hand, hydrolysis involves the breaking of a compound's bonds by a water molecule, which is split into H and OH. This results in one portion of the split compound bonding with the hydrogen atom, and the other with the hydroxyl group.
As an analogy, in the formation of macromolecules, individual smaller units called monomers (like beads in a necklace) can join together to form a polymer (the completed necklace). During this process, a water molecule is released - this is condensation or dehydration synthesis. When the necklace is taken apart, a water molecule is consumed - this is hydrolysis.
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vessel in which it is kept.
(b)A gas exerts pressure on the
walls of the container
(c) A wooden table should be
called a solid
(d) We can easily move our hand
in air but to do the same
through a solid block of wood we need a karate
expert
we need a karate expert.
Answer:
A.A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container. Reason: They have high kinetic energy and negligible force of attraction to move constantly moving with high speed in all directions. ... These collisions of the gas particles with the container walls exert pressure on the walls of the container.
B A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container due to imapact of its gas molecules with hight velocity .
C.A wooden table should be called a solid. Reason: It has a definite shape and volume. It is very rigid and cannot be compressed, i.e., it has a solid characteristic.
D.We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood we need a karate expert. It is because the molecules of air has less force of attraction between them and a very small external force can separate them and pass through it.
Explanation:
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