Fahrenheit temperature scale is a scale based on 32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for the boiling point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 parts. The 18th-century German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit originally took as the zero of his scale the temperature of an equal ice-salt mixture and selected the values of 30 and 90 for the freezing point of water and normal body temperature, respectively; these later were revised to 32 and 96, but the final scale required an adjustment to 98.6 for the latter value.
Until the 1970s the Fahrenheit temperature scale was in general common use in English-speaking countries; the Celsius, or centigrade, scale was employed in most other countries and for scientific purposes worldwide. Since that time, however, most English-speaking countries have officially adopted the Celsius scale. The conversion formula for a temperature that is expressed on the Celsius (C) scale to its Fahrenheit (F) representation is: F = 9/5C + 32.
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B) shifts to a more electronegative atom.
C) increases its kinetic energy.
D) increases its activity as an oxidizing agent.
E) moves further away from the nucleus of the atom.
An electron loses potential energy when it moves further away from the nucleus of the atom (option E).
As an electron moves to a higher energy level or shell, it is farther from the positive charge of the nucleus, resulting in a decrease in potential energy. Conversely, when an electron moves closer to the nucleus or shifts to a lower energy level, it gains potential energy. The movement of electrons within an atom influences various chemical and physical properties, including bonding, reactivity, and spectral behavior.
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B. The lower the concentration of hydrogen ions, the higher the acidity is.
C. The greater the concentration of hydroxide ions, the higher the acidity is.
D. The greater the pH is, the lower the acidity is.
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The higher the pH, the lower the acidity and the lower the pH, the higher the acidity. It is based on hydrogen ion concentration.
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It ranges from 0 to 14. A solution with a pH less than 7 is acidic, one with a pH of 7 is neutral, and one with a pH greater than 7 is basic. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. The greater the pH is, the lower the acidity is. The lower the pH, the higher the acidity, and vice versa. This scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).
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Answer:
The development in the field of genetic engineering allowed the production of insulin in E. coli and yeast, which have been approved for therapeutic applications in human by FDA [14,15]. Nowadays, recombinant human insulin is mainly produced either in E. coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Answer: E.coli or Escherichia coli
Explanation:
1. Obtain the segment of DNA in a human chromosome that contains insulin gene. Cut the gene using a restriction enzyme. This enzyme cuts the restriction site at the two ends of the gene to produce sticky ends. Each sticky end is a single strand sequence of DNA bases. These bases can pair with complementary bases to form a double strand.
2.Obtain a plasmid from a bacterium. Cut the plasmid with same restriction enzyme. This produces 'sticky ends' complementary to the ends of the Insulin gene.
3. Mix the plasmid with the DNA segment containing the human insulin gene. The human insulin gene will bind to their sticky ends. Add the enzyme DNA ligase to seal the human plasmid containing DNA from two different organisms is recombinant plasmid
4. Mix the recombinant plasmid with E.coli bacterium. Apply temporary electric shock. This opens pores of cell surface membrane of the bacterium for the plasmid to enter.
5.The transgenic bacterium will use the new gene to make insulin
The insulin protein has to be extracted and purified before it can be used
b. False
For reactants to form bonds, there must be an initial energy input to drive the collision of atoms, ions, and molecules. This collision enables the breaking and formation of bonds. Both synthesis and exchange reactions demonstrate this process.
In order for reactants to form bonds during a chemical reaction, a few conditions must be met. Firstly, an initial investment of energy is required. This energy, often in the form of heat, provides the kinetic energy necessary to fuel the collisions of atoms, ions, and molecules. This collision must occur in an orientation that allows contact between the atoms that will become bonded together in the product. Secondly, the particles of reactant must come into contact with each other before they can react. This could be a direct collision or through another medium that facilitates the interaction.
Once the reactants collide, bonds are broken in the initial molecules, and new bonds are formed to create the product. Energy is required for breaking old bonds and is released when new ones are formed. This process can be seen in both synthesis reactions (two components bond to form a larger molecule) and exchange reactions (bonds are both formed and broken as components of the reactants are rearranged).
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The fossils from Australopithecus provide evidence for evolution because some parts of the bone that contains the DNA of it can be identified as this type of animal. They can be detected through the use of carbon dating devices.
The fossils of Australopithecus could provide evidence for evolution in the sense that DNA in the bones of the ape can serve as evidence for other organisms that exists after.
Evolution refers to transformation of living things into different forms (now understood as a change in geneticcomposition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations.
Evolution is a transformational process that takes place over time. Fossils such as bones, shells provide evidence for the evolutionaryrelationships between organisms.
According to this question, Australopithecus is an ape that lived in trees, but could walk on two feet. This means that fossils of Australopithecus could provide evidence for evolution in the sense that DNA in the bones of the ape can serve as evidence for other organisms that exists after.
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