The early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed glass container. Eventually, some solid residue would appear in the bottom of the flask, which was interpreted to mean that some of the water in the flask had been converted into "earth." When Lavoisier repeated this experiment, he found that the water weighed the same before and after heating, and the mass of the flask plus the solid residue equaled the original mass of the flask. Were the alchemists correct?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation:

Hello,

Since the sealed glass container is isolated (closed system) no escape of boiled water (steam) was presented, so it is obvious that the alchemists were wrong, it is impossible that the water turns into "earth" because it has components that water does not have by itself (metallic and nonmetallic ions and molecular compounds) that is why the solid residue could have come from suspended solids or simply solids that were initially dissolved and due to the boiling of water, they remained at the bottom of the flask. Nevertheless, the experiment done by Lavoisier was more precise because the conclusion based on the initial and final masses, accounts for the boiling process; besides, the mass agreement substantiates that no mass was removed due to the isolation of the flask.

Best regards.

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Which compound has both ionic and covalent bonds?
(1) CO2 (3) NaI
(2) CH3OH (4) Na2CO3

Answers

The compound that has both ionic and covalent bonds is $\boxed{{\mathbf{4}}{\mathbf{.}}{\text{ }}{\mathbf{N}}{{\mathbf{a}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}}$ .

Further explanation:

The periodic properties are characteristics that are associated with the different elements found in the periodic table. The origin of different properties is the difference in the atomic structure of the different elements.

For a systematic study of the chemical and physical properties of different elements, they are placed in certain columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods. The rows of the table called periods and have metals on the left and non-metals on the right. The columns also called groups contains elements with similar chemical properties.

The ionic bond is a chemical bond between two atoms in which one atom donates its electron to another atom. While covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between two atoms and reach a more stable electron configuration.

Compounds made from two elements can either have an ionic or covalent bond.

(i) If a compound is made between metal and a non-metal then the bond will be ionic.

(ii)If a compound is made between two non-metals then the bond will be covalent.

(1) In ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}$ , oxygen(O) and carbon(C) are nonmetals. They form a covalent compound, and bond present in ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}$ will be covalent bond.

(2) In NaI, sodium (Na) is metal and iodine (I) is a nonmetal. They will form an ionic compound, and bond present NaI will be ionic.

(3) In ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\mathbf{OH}}$ , carbon(C) hydrogen(H) and oxygen(O) all are nonmetal atoms they will form a covalent compound, and bond present in will be covalent.

(4) In ${\mathbf{N}}{{\mathbf{a}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}$ , sodium(Na) is metal, carbon(C) and oxygen(O) are nonmetals atoms. The bond form between sodium and carbon will be ionic. Also, the bond formed between carbon and oxygen is covalent as both carbon and oxygen are nonmetals. Therefore, ${\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$ has both covalent and ionic bond.

Hence the correct option is 4.

Learn more:

1. Calculate number of solutes: brainly.com/question/8054051.

2. How many moles of Cl are there in 8 moles of CCl4: brainly.com/question/2094744

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Chemical bonding.

Keywords: Ionic bond, covalent bond, metal, nonmetal, NaI, CO2, Na2CO3, and CH3OH.

Final answer:

Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) contains both ionic and covalent bonds.

Explanation:

The compound with both ionic and covalent bonds is Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate).

Na2CO3 contains ionic and covalent bonds because it is formed from the reaction between a metal (sodium) and a polyatomic ion (carbonate). The bonds between the sodium and oxygen atoms in the carbonate ion are ionic, while the bonds within the carbonate ion (between carbon and oxygen) are covalent.

Learn more about ionic and covalent bonds here:

brainly.com/question/14509196

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Which reaction does not occur?2HF(aq) + Cl2(g) → F2(g) + 2HCl(aq)
2Na(s) + ZnF2(aq) + 2NaF(aq) + Zn(s)
O Fe(s) + CuCl2(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
0 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Answers

Answer: $2HF(aq)+Cl_2(g)\rightarrow F_2(g)+2HCl(aq)$ will not occur.

Explanation:

A single replacement reaction is one in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its salt solution. Thus one element should be different from another element.

A general single displacement reaction can be represented as :

$X+YZ\rightarrow XZ+Y$

a) $2HF(aq)+Cl_2(g)\rightarrow F_2(g)+2HCl(aq)$

Flourine is more reactive than chlorine and hence this reaction cannot occur.

b) $2Na(s)+ZnF_2(aq)\rightarrow 2NaF(aq)+Zn(s)$

Sodium is more reactive than zinc and hence the reaction will occur.

c) $Fe(s)+CuCl_2(aq)\rightarrow FeCl_2(aq)+Cu(s)$

Iron is more reactive than copper and hence the reaction will occur.

d) $2HCl(aq)+Mg(s)\rightarrow MgCl_2(aq)+H_2(g)$

Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen and hence the reaction will occur.

A substance is tested and is found to have the following physical properties: high electrical conductivity malleability high luster The substance is most likely a _____.

Answers

The substance is likely to be a metal. Many metals, such as gold, are extremely malleable (meaning that they can be pounded into thin sheets), have high conductivity due to free electrons, and are very shiny (high luster).

Metal is most likely to be correct

Cobalt is a metal. Which best describes the cobalt atom and its interactions with other cobalt atoms?

Answers

Answer:

Cobalt is indeed a metal, and its atoms exhibit certain characteristics and interactions with other cobalt atoms. Here are some key features:

Atomic Structure: The cobalt atom has an atomic number of 27, meaning it has 27 protons in its nucleus. It also typically contains 27 electrons, arranged in energy levels or shells around the nucleus. The electron configuration of cobalt is [Ar] 3d^7 4s^2.

Magnetic Properties: Cobalt is known for its magnetic properties. At room temperature, it is ferromagnetic, meaning it can be permanently magnetized. This is due to the arrangement of electrons in its outermost energy levels.

Metallic Bonding: In solid cobalt, metallic bonding occurs. Metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms within a metal lattice. In cobalt, the outermost electrons are relatively free to move throughout the metal structure, forming a "sea" of delocalized electrons. This contributes to the metal's electrical and thermal conductivity.

Alloy Formation: Cobalt readily forms alloys with other metals. Common examples include cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and cobalt-nickel (Co-Ni) alloys. These alloys often exhibit enhanced strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion.

Coordination Chemistry: Cobalt is known to form coordination complexes due to its ability to act as a Lewis acid. It can form bonds with ligands, which are typically molecules or ions with lone pairs of electrons. These complexes play a crucial role in various chemical reactions, including catalysis.

Oxidation States: Cobalt can exist in different oxidation states, including +2, +3, and +4. The +2 oxidation state is the most common for cobalt and is stable in many compounds. Cobalt compounds with different oxidation states exhibit diverse chemical and physical properties.

Overall, cobalt atoms in metallic cobalt interact through metallic bonding, while cobalt in compounds can participate in coordination chemistry and exhibit different oxidation states, leading to a wide range of applications and reactivity.

Explanation:

What happens to population growth in a logistic growth pattern as it reaches carrying capacity?a. remains constant
b. speeds up
c. slows down

Answers

i believe the answer would be C. slows down, hope this helps:)

Which solution would most likely cause a plant placed in it to become firmer and more rigid? A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. osmotic

Answers

"Hypotonic" is the one solution among the choices given in the question that would most likely cause a plant placed in it to become firmer and more rigid. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option or option "B". I hope the answer has come to your great help.

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