The 3 basic steps of DNA replication are: initiation, elongation and termination.
DNA replication is the process by which cells make copies of their genetic material. The process occurs in three main steps:
Initiation: This step involves the separation of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule, and the unwinding of the two strands at a specific point called the origin of replication.
Elongation: This step involves the building of new strands of DNA, which are complementary to the original strands. This is done by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which add nucleotides to the growing DNA chain. The new strands are created in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning that the polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.
Termination: Once the entire length of the DNA molecule has been replicated, the replication process is complete. The two new DNA molecules, which are exact copies of the original, are then separated from each other.
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Answer: Exergonic reaction; Endergonic reaction
In coupled reactions, the energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. ATP breakdown is often coupled to cellular reactions that require an input of energy.
Explanation:
Cellular reactions include Exergonic and endergonic reactions. An exergonic reaction is one that occurs spontaneously and brings about the release of energy (in form of ATP). On the other hand, an endergonic reaction proceeds only with the input of energy.
Thus, exergonic reactions are usually coupled to endergonic reactions
In coupled reactions, the energy from an energy-releasing exergonic reaction, like the breakdown of ATP, is used to drive an energy-requiring endergonic reaction. These reactions usually occur together in a cell.
In coupled reactions, the energy released by a exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where energy is released, often in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). On the other hand, an endergonic reaction requires energy to proceed.
In a cell, these types of reactions often happen together (or are coupled) so that the energy released by an exergonic reaction, like the breakdown of ATP, gets immediately used to power an endergonic one, such as the synthesis of cellular components or the transport of molecules across the cell membrane.
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B. Lithosphere
C. Outer core
D. Inner core
E. Crust
i think it is inner core.
Answer:
scientific website
Explanation:
Gray water can be defined as the household wastewater which comes out from bath water or showers, laundry water, lavatory (basin) water, and untreated kitchen and washroom water.
But by treating these gray water we can save a lot of water and the water can be made to use for other purposes such as for gardening or other things which do not require clean water. But cleaning or treatment methods of such water is very expensive.
So this information can be a useful source for a scientific website where such different treatment methods of gray water may be published.
Answer:
scientific website
Explanation:
I got it right on the test :)
Answer:
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections.
Answer:
When any pathogen enters our body , our immune system in response to pathogen releases antibodies. But if it fails , antibiotics are given.. Thus the resistance to antibiotic comes and so quickly
b. cytoskeleton
c. cell membrane
d. glycoproteins
The most common example of shared characteristics among different types of cells is the cell membrane. Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane which protects the cell from its surroundings by separating the interior components from the exterior ones.
Further Explanation:
A cell membrane is permeable to selective molecules which means only particular substances can traverse the membrane. The essential molecules are allowed to enter whereas the toxic or non-essential molecules are excreted out of the cell through the cell membrane.
The phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer to form a cell membrane. It also contains the cholesterol present in between phospholipids and maintains the fluidity at different temperatures. The membrane also contains integral and peripheral proteins that help in the transport of materials and maintain the structure and shape of the cell respectively. Glycoproteins are also attached covalently to the membrane and help in cell-cell recognition, cell adhesion, and also serve as receptors for other molecules.
Apart from the cell membrane, certain cells also contain cell walls which surround the cell membrane. It is present in plants, bacteria, and fungi and prevents the over-expansion of the cell. In plants, the cell wall helps in providing turgidity to the cell and also maintains the shape and structure of the cell whereas, humans are devoid of cell walls instead they contain cell membranes.
A cytoskeleton is not a protective barrier for the cell but provides rigidity to the cell and is present in the cytoplasm of the cell. Its main function to provide rigidity to the cell and resistance against deformation by associating with other proteins and connective tissues. It also helps in the transport of material within the cytoplasm and also helps in cell signaling.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: The Cell Membrane
Keywords:
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cell wall, glycoproteins, phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycoproteins, integral proteins, peripheral proteins, cell recognition, cell adhesion, cell signaling.