CHEMISTRY HIGH SCHOOL

Which of these solutions has the highest freezing point?1.0 M molecular sucrose (C12H22O11)
1.0 M ionic sodium chloride (NaCl)
1.0 M ionic calcium bromide (CaBr2)
1.0 M ionic aluminum bromide (AlBr3)
1.0 M ionic potassium chloride (KCl)

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer: 1.0 M molecular sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).


Explanation:


1) The depression of the freezing point of a solvent when you add a solute is a colligative property.


2) Colligative properties are those physical properties of solutions that depends on the number of solute particles dissolved into the solution.


3) The relation between the number of solute particles and the depresson of the freezing point is proportional: the greater the number of solute particles the greater the freezing point depression.


4) You need to find the solution with the highest freezing point, this is the solution in which the freezing point decreased the least.


5) Then, that is the solution with least number of solute particles.


6) Since all the given solutions have the same molarity (1.0 M), you only have to deal with the possible ionization of the different solutes.


7) NaCl, CaBr₂, AlBr₃, and KCl are ionic compounds, so each unit of them will ionize into two, three, four, and two ions, respectively, while sucrose, being a covalent compound does not dissociate.


Then, 1.0 M solution of sucrose will have less solute particles than the others, and will exhitibit the lowest freezing point depression, meaning that it will have the highest freezing point of the given solutions.



Answer 2
Answer: The right answer for the question that is being asked and shown above is that: "1.0 M ionic aluminum bromide (AlBr3)." the solution that has the highest freezing point is that 1.0 M ionic aluminum bromide (AlBr3)

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1. As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases, which of the following occurs? The volume of the balloon increases. *** The average kinetic energy of the gas decreases. The gas pressure inside the balloon increases. all of the above 2. If a sealed syringe is heated, in which direction will the syringe plunger move? out in The plunger will not move. ******** The direction cannot be predicted. 3. If a balloon containing 3000 L of gas at 39°C and 99 kPa rises to an altitude where the pressure is 45.5 kPa and the temperature is 16° C, the volume of the balloon under these new conditions would be calculated using the following conversion factor ratios: ____. Chemb.01.08.3a
Chemb.01.08.3b
Chemb.01.08.3c******
Chemb.01.08.3d


4. What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen in a sample of air if the temperature is increased?

It increases.
It stays the same.
It decreases.
The change cannot be determined. ******



5. A breathing mixture used by deep-sea divers contains helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at 101.4 kPa if PHe = 82.5 kPa andChemb.01.08.06= 0.4 kPa?



82.9 kPa******
19.3 kPa
18.5 kPa
101.0 kPa


6. Which of the following gases is the best choice for inflating a balloon that must remain inflated for a long period of time?

argon
oxygen
hydrogen *****
neon

Answers

Answer 1:
Correct Answer: The average kinetic energy of the gas decreases.
Reason: 
From the ideal gas equation, we know that PV = nRT
where, P = pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles of gas, R = gas constant and T = temperature.

From above equation, it can be seen that, Temp. as a direct relation with Pressure and Volume. Hence, as temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases, pressure and volume also decreases. 

Also, from kinetic theory of gases, we know that, kinetic energy of gas increases with increasing temp. Hence,  average kinetic energy of the gas decreases with decreasing temp.  

Answer 2: 
Correct answer: Out
Reason: 
From the ideal gas equation, we know that PV = nRT
where, P = pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles of gas, R = gas constant and T = temperature.

Therefore, when a sealed syringe is heated, it's temp. will increase. This, will result in expansion of gas i.e volume will increase. Hence, syringe plunger move in outwards direction.

Answer 3: Volume = 6046 L
Reason: 
From the ideal gas equation, we know that PV = RT
where, P = pressure, V = volume, R = gas constant and T = temperature.
Given: P1 = 99 kPa, V1 = 3000 L, T1 = 312 K, P2 = 45.5 KPa and  T2 = 289 K.

Therefore, we have: \frac{\text{P1 V1}}{\text{P2 V2}} = \frac{\text{R T1}}{\text{R T2}}
Thus, \frac{\text{99 3000}}{\text{45.5 V2}} = \frac{\text{R 312}}{\text{R 289}}

Hence, V2 = 6046 L

Answer 4: 
Correct Answer: It increases
Reason: 
We know that, pressure of gas, it directly proportional to temp. Hence, when the temp. of as is increases. Total pressure of gas mixture increases. This is because, partial pressure of individual component (in present case oxygen) increases.

Answer 5: 
Correct answer: 18.5 kPa
Reason:
We know that, total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases present in it. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

                           Ptot = PO2 + PHe + PCO2

Therefore,  partial pressure of oxygen, PO2:

                         PO2 = Ptot − PHe − PCO2

                                = 101.4 − 82.5 − 0.4

                                =18.5 kPa.


Answer 6: 

Correct Answer: Argon

Reason: 

Inert gases are the best choice for inflating a balloon that must remain inflated for a long period of time. Among given options, both neon and argon are inert gas, But, atomic weight of Ar is 40g/mol, while is more than that of neon (20 g/mol). Hence,. Argon gas is preferred over neon gas. 

1. As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases, the average kinetic energy of the gas decreases.

2. The direction in which the syringe plunger would move is Out.

3. The volume of the balloon under these new conditions would be calculated using the following conversion factor ratios 6046 L.

4. It increases

5. 18.5 kPa

6. Argon

What is the average kinetic energy?

The average kinetic energy is the one and a half of the mass (m) of each gas molecule multiplied by the square of the RMS speed (vrms). There is a relationship between the pressure of a gaseous substance and the temperature of a gas.  

Given the pressure of the gas in question 2, we can expect the direction in which the syringe plunger would move to be out.

Learn more about average kinetic energy here:

brainly.com/question/26080657
#SPJ6

Water molecules attract to one another to form what kind of bonds?

Answers

The bond is hydrogen bond, that happens with a (H -- O) bond.

Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical reaction?(1) ammonia (3) methane
(2) argon (4) water

Answers


The substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction is argon. This is because the substance is an element, otherwise if this is a compound, then it can be still broken down by chemical means. Ammonia, methane and water are all compounds. 

The substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction is \boxed{\left( 2 \right){\text{ argon}}}.

Further Explanation:

Substance is the pure form of matter while combination of atoms or molecules is termed as a mixture.

Types of substances:

1. Element

The simplest form of substance that cannot be further broken down by any chemical method is known as an element. Carbon, sulfur, and cobalt are some of the examples of elements.

2. Compound

When two or more different elements are held together by chemical bonds, compounds are formed. These can further be broken down into their respective constituents. Their properties are quite different from those of their constituent elements. NaCl, {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}} and {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} are examples of compounds.

(1) Ammonia consists of one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms so it is a compound. Therefore it can be broken down by chemical reactions.

(2) Argon is an element so it is the simplest form in which it can exist. Therefore it cannot be broken down by chemical reactions.

(3) Methane consists of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms so it a compound. Therefore it can be broken down by chemical reactions.

(4) Water consists of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms so it is a compound. Therefore it can be broken down by chemical reactions.

Learn more:

  1. Which sample is a pure substance? brainly.com/question/2227438
  2. Which is a characteristic of a mixture? brainly.com/question/1917079

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Elements, compounds, and mixtures

Keywords: substance, methane, argon, ammonia, water, element, compound, chemical reactions, broken down, simplest form, NaCl, CH4, carbon, sulfur, cobalt.

What is the proper name for vinegar?

Answers

acetic acid is the scientific name for vinegar
The word "vinegar" derives from the French vin aigre, meaning "sour wine." Its called Acetic acid or Ethanoic acid.
Its chemical formula is : CH3COOH or HC2H3O2.

- - - - -

The proper name for vinegar is vinegar.
It consists of roughly 15% acetic acid and 85% water, with a small amount of natural vegetable colorants and volatiles (hence the differences in colours and odours between brown vinegar, white vinegar, cider vinegar, balsamic vinegar, etc.)

The acid in vinegar is indeed acetic acid; however, 90 percent of all the acetic acid on the market is made in chemical plants. Almost all of that - 83 percent of the total - is made by reacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the formula

CH3OH + CO -> CH3COOH

The rest is made by oxidizing either acetaldehyde or ethylene.

Vinegar is always made by fermenting fruit juices. It is a two-stage process, in which yeasts convert fruit juice to wine, then acetobacter bacteria convert the alcohol in wine to acetic acid. Because many nations' food laws prohibit the use of vinegar in edibles that is not made through the fermentation of fruit juice, they are very careful to only call fruit juice-derived acetic acid "vinegar."

Which compound is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answers

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those in which each carbon atom is attached to as many hydrogen atoms as it possibly can. There can be no double bonds or non-hydrogen functional groups, since these detract from the maximum possible number of hydrogens that each carbon can be attached to (in the case of double bonds, two carbons are bonded to each other when they could alternately be bonded to one more hydrogen each).All of the alkanes (including the cycloalkanes) are saturated hydrocarbons. Substituted alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and their cyclic counterparts are all unsaturated.
triple bonds, Ethene, and benzene ;)

The following shows the precipitation reaction of barium chloride (BaCl₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH): BaCl₂(aq) + NaOH(aq) ----> Ba(OH)₂(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
If you have to prepare the reactants by dissolving 1.00 g of BaCl₂ and 1.00 g of NaOH in water,
(a) What is the limiting reactant?
(b) How many grams of Ba(OH)₂ are produced?
(c) If your experiment produced 0.700 g of Ba(OH)₂, what is the percent yield of Ba(OH)₂?
(d) Based on this percent yield, how much limiting reactant should be used to achieve the target Ba(OH)₂ theoretical yield?

Answers

Answer:

The answer to your question is:

a) BaCl2

b) 0.8208 g

c) yield = 85.3 %

d)

Explanation:

                     BaCl₂(aq) + NaOH(aq) ----> Ba(OH)₂(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Data

a) 1 g of BaCl₂

   1 g of NaOH

MW BaCl2 = 137 + (35.5x2) = 208 g

MW NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g

                               208 g of BaCl2 -------------  1 mol

                                    1 g of BaCl2 -------------    x

                                  x = ( 1 x 1) / 208 = 0.0048 mol of BaCl2

                                    40 g of NaOH ------------  1 mol

                                       1 g of NaOH ------------   x

                                 x = (1 x 1) / 40

                                 x = 0.025 mol of NaOH

The ratio BaCl2 to NaOH is 1:1 (in the equation)

But experimentally we have 0.0048 : 0.025, so the limiting reactant is BaCl2, because is in lower concentration.

b)

                    1 mol of BaCl2 -------------- 1 mol of Ba(OH)2

                    0.0048 mol     ---------------   x

                     x = (0.0048 x 1) / 1

                     x = 0.0048 mol of Ba(OH)2

MW Ba(OH)2 = 137 + 32 + 2 = 171 g

                     171 g of Ba(OH)2 -------------------- 1 mol

                      x                         --------------------  0.0048 mol

                     x = (0.0048 x 171) / 1

                     x = 0.8208 g

c)Data

Ba(OH)2 = 0.700 g

                   % yield = 0.700 / 0.8208 x 100

                   % yield = 85.3

d)

Sorry, i don't understand this question

       

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