The effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due toA) shielding.
B) penetration.
C) paramagnetism.
D) electron-pair repulsion.
E) relativity
Answers
Answer:
A = shielding.
Explanation:
The addition of electron causes the atomic size increase from top to bottom due to increase in atomic number.
As the atomic number increased one more electron is added and because of this electron on more electronic shell is added. Thus the electron become more away from the nucleus as many of other electrons are present in the way from nucleus to the outer electrons.
The hold of nucleus becomes weaker. Although nuclear charge is also increased but at the same time other electrons shield the respective electrons. So effective nuclear charge is weaker than the actual nuclear charge.
Because of this shielding it is easy to remove the electrons or we can say ionization energy decreases.
Here, we are required to determine why the effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge.
- The correct answer is Choice A: Shielding
First, we must know that the effective nuclearcharge is the net positive charge exerted on the negatively charged Valence electrons by the nucleus.
- The concept of shielding is best used to explain why electrons are easier to remove in biggeratoms, i.e atoms with larger atomic radius.
The bigger an atom is, the farther are it's Valence electrons from the positively charged nucleus.
- The concept above is due to the presence of other electrons in shells between the Valence electron and the nucleus.
The shielding effect of these electrons therefore, reduce the nuclear charge that is felt by the valence electrons and ultimately, the effective nuclear charge is less than the actual nuclear charge.
- P.S: The more shielding, the lower is the effective nuclear charge on Valence electrons.
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c. when it is a Group A element
b. the molecules that it forms
d. its position in the periodic table
Answers
An element that readily formspositive ions is called a metal.The arrangement of chemical elements intabular form where the elements are ordered by their atomic number iscalled the periodic table. In a periodic table metals are on the left inyellow.
The correct option is .
Further explanation:
The periodic properties are characteristics that are associated with the different elements found in the periodic table. The origin of different properties is the difference in the atomic structure of the different elements.
For a systematic study of the chemical and physical properties of different elements, they are placed in certain columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
The fundamental basis of this arrangement is periodic law that states that chemical elements must be listed in order of their increasing atomic number. When elements are placed in groups in such order it was observed that elements with similar chemical properties repeated after fixed intervals, this was discovered by the Russian scientist Mendeleev. For example, the elements placed in group 1 that included lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium all reacted vigorously with water. Similarly, the elements in group 17 were termed as halogens as they all readily formed salts with metals of group 1.
The rows of the table called periods and have metals on the left and non-metals on the right. The columns also called groups contains elements with similar chemical properties.
Metals are very good reducing agents that have a high tendency to lose electrons. Their electronegativity is very low. Metals also form cations smaller than an original metal atom. They mostly form an ionic bond.
The properties that identify the metal can be determined by the following:
1. Electronic configuration: A metal generally has 1, 2 or 3valence electrons in its outermost shell.
2. Physical properties: A metal is generally lustrous, hard, malleable, ductile, and solid. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
3. Position in the periodic table: Metals are on the bottom left in the periodic table. They are found in group 1 of periodic table.
Therefore, an element is metal is determined by the position of an element in periodic table.
Learn more
1. Which type of bond formed between water brainly.com/question/1059245
2. Intermolecular forces of attraction brainly.com/question/6717479
Answer details
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Periodic table
Keywords: electron, metals, nonmetals, group, period, position, electronic configuration, oxygen, hard, lustrous, element.
Answers