An uncontrolled variable that changes systematically with the independent variable is a confounding variable. It can cause an illusory correlation and alter the results of an experimental study. Care must be taken in experimental design to account for these confounding variables.
Any uncontrolled variable that changes systematically with the independent variable is referred to as a confounding variable. In an experimental study, the independent variable is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter with the intention of observing its effect on the dependent variable. However, when a confounding variable arises, it can produce an illusory correlation and induce changes in the dependent variable, thereby making the results of the study appear different than they actually are.
For instance, if a researcher is trying to study the effect of sunlight (independent variable) on plant growth (dependent variable), and doesn't take temperature (a potential confounding variable) into account, the findings may become inaccurate. This would be due to the fact that temperature also changes with sunlight and may independently affect plant growth.
#SPJ12
b. superstitions
c. phobias
d. learned helplessness
Preparedness is often linked to the concept of phobias. Hence, option C is correct.
A phobia is a severe and incapacitating fear of something, somewhere, a situation, an emotion, or an animal. Compared to phobias, fears are less obvious. They manifest when someone sees an exaggerated or illogical level of risk in an event or object.
Phobias fall into three main groups, including: Particular, object-specific phobias are the most common kind of phobias. A sign of social phobia is extreme anxiety in public or social situations. Agoraphobia is a condition marked by a fear of being alone in public places when leaving is challenging.
A phobia is a severe and incapacitating fear of something, somewhere, a situation, an emotion, or an animal. Compared to phobias, fears are less obvious.
Thus, option C is correct.
For more information about phobias, click here:
#SPJ6
1. Infancy
2. Toddlerhood
3. Preschool
4. School age years and beyond
Answer:
the answer is 2: toddler hood