Explain why fertilizer use by farmers can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems?

If cells exerted control of gene expression only at the post-translational level, several differences would arise compared to the typical regulation of gene expression primarily at the transcriptional initiation level.

Here are some notable differences:

1. Timing of regulation: Regulation at the post-translational level would allow for rapid and immediate responses to changing conditions or stimuli. Transcriptional regulation involves multiple steps and requires time to transcribe and process mRNA before translation into proteins. Post-translational regulation, on the other hand, can rapidly modify or alter protein activity, allowing for quicker adjustments in cellular responses.

2. Flexibility in protein expression: Transcriptional regulation allows cells to control the amount of mRNA and subsequent protein production. In contrast, post-translational regulation would primarily focus on modifying existing proteins rather than regulating their synthesis. This could limit the cell's ability to fine-tune gene expression levels in response to varying needs or conditions.

3. Complexity of regulation: Post-translational regulation would require a more intricate and diverse set of mechanisms to modify proteins. Cells would need to employ various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, or proteolytic cleavage to regulate protein activity, stability, localization, or interactions. The complexity of these mechanisms would likely increase compared to the transcriptional regulation that primarily involves transcription factors and DNA binding.

4. Transgenerational effects: Transcriptional regulation can impact the inheritance of gene expression patterns from one generation to the next. Epigenetic modifications and changes in DNA methylation or histone modifications can influence gene expression over long periods In contrast, post-translational regulation would not directly influence the genetic information or the transmission of gene expression patterns to subsequent generations.

In summary, if cells exclusively controlled gene expression at the post-translational level, regulation would be more immediate and responsive but could limit the flexibility and precision in controlling gene expression levels. The complexity of post-translational modifications would likely increase, and transgenerational effects on gene expression would be diminished.

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Answer:

it is a Direct statement that's best to use when refining your educated guess.

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The is Answer is The Oceans

Approximately 90 to 100 Pg of carbon moves back and forth between the atmosphere and the oceans, and between the atmosphere and the land biosphere. Although these exchange rates are large relative to the total amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere, the concentration of CO 2 was constant

Marine plants and animals play a role in the uptake and release of carbon dioxide in the ocean. Plants, primarily phytoplankton but also macrophytes such as this seaweed, take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which oxygen-dependent animals need to survive.

Marine plants and animals play a role in the uptake and release of carbon dioxide in the ocean. Plants, primarily phytoplankton but also macrophytes such as this seaweed, take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which oxygen-dependent animals need to survive.

at 280 parts per million (ppm) by volume for at least 1,000 years prior to the industrial era. Atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 were constant because the carbon being removed from the atmosphere in some places exactly matched the CO 2 being added to the atmosphere in other places.

Today, CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing as a direct result of human activities such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., coal and oil). Over the past 150 years, CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by as much as 30 percent (from 280 to 370 ppm).

All trees, nearly all plants from cold climates, and most agricultural crops respond to increasing atmospheric CO 2 levels by increasing the amount of CO 2 they take up for photosynthesis . It is believed that the increased uptake in land plants from rising atmospheric CO 2 levels roughly counterbalanced the CO 2 released from cutting down tropical rain forests and other agricultural practices in the decade of the 1980s. In the 1990s, the land biosphere was estimated to take up approximately 1 Pg more CO 2 than it released each year.

Most of the CO 2 released from the burning of fossil fuels and other human activities (e.g., cement manufacturing) is stored either in the atmosphere or in the oceans. The CO 2 that remains in the atmosphere acts as a greenhouse gas, absorbing long-wavelength radiation (heat) in the atmosphere. CO 2 taken up by the oceans does not affect the Earth's heat balance, so an understanding of the air-sea exchange of CO 2 is an essential part of understanding the Earth's climate system and the potential impact of future CO 2 emissions.