Stress can emergea. only from events that are important.
b. from both positive and negative events

In economics, monetary base refers to the volume of money created by the Federal Reserve - that is, currency and bank reserves held by financial entities or deposited in the Federal Reserve.

The monetary base is divided into classifications by macroeconomic theory, which vary according to complexity.

M0 = Restricted Monetary Base = currency issued (paper currency and metallic currency) + bank reserves (currency held by financial institutions and their deposits with the Central Bank);

M1 = currency held by the public (paper money and coin) + demand deposits in commercial banks. M1 is the total currency that does not yield interest and is of immediate liquidity.

M2 = M1 + term deposits (investment deposits, savings deposits, short-term fixed income financial investment funds) + government bonds held by the public.

Answer:

1. Widespread Disregard

2. Increased Criminal Activity

3. Ineffectiveness of Law Enforcement

4. Rise of Moonshine

5. Social and Cultural Impact

Explanation:

During the era of Prohibition in the United States (1920-1933), when the production, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages were prohibited, Prohibition was often considered a joke for the following reasons:

1. Widespread Disregard: Despite the ban, there was a widespread disregard for Prohibition laws, leading to the rise of illegal activities such as bootlegging, speakeasies (secret bars), and organized crime. Many people continued to consume alcohol in secret, making Prohibition appear ineffective.

2. Increased Criminal Activity: Prohibition inadvertently fueled criminal activities, as underground networks emerged to produce and distribute alcohol illegally. Gangsters like Al Capone became notorious for their involvement in the illegal alcohol trade, and violence and corruption associated with bootlegging and speakeasies escalated.

3. Ineffectiveness of Law Enforcement: Prohibition posed significant challenges for law enforcement agencies, as it required a massive effort to enforce the ban and prosecute violators. The limited resources and corruption within law enforcement agencies hindered the effective enforcement of Prohibition laws, further undermining its credibility.

4. Rise of Moonshine: The ban on legal alcohol production led to the rise of homemade alcohol known as "moonshine." Moonshine was often of questionable quality and potency, leading to health risks and even deaths due to poorly distilled or contaminated products.

5. Social and Cultural Impact: Prohibition had unintended social consequences, as it contributed to a shift in societal norms. It led to the rise of a rebellious attitude against government regulations and an increase in secret social gatherings where alcohol was consumed, fostering a sense of excitement and defiance.

Overall, Prohibition was considered a joke because it failed to achieve its intended goals of reducing alcohol consumption, instead resulting in increased criminal activities, law enforcement challenges, and social defiance. The widespread disregard for the ban and the emergence of illegal alcohol networks contributed to its perception as an ineffective and impractical law.