How are proteins, carbohydrates, and fats related to the discipline of chemistry?
Answers
When you consume proteins, carbs, and fats they are chemically changed into energy.
Related Questions
When two balls collide, the momentum of the balls after the collision is explained by?
What volume measured in stp will 3.75 grams of helium gas occupy?
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The nucleus of a radium-226 atom is unstable, which causes the nucleus to spontaneously(1) absorb electrons (3) decay(2) absorb protons (4) oxidize
b) The number of triple bonds is ?
c) The number of double bonds is ?
d) The number of rings is ?
Answers
a) Degree of unsaturation: 5.
C8H8 corresponds to the saturated alkane C8H18, octane, which has eight hydrogen atoms per molecule. Theoretically, it will take five hydrogen molecules H2 to convert C8H8 to C8H18. C8H8 therefore has and DoU of 5.
b) Number of triple bonds: 2.
Only triple bonds are hydrogenated over a Lindlar catalyst. A triple bond can be converted only to a double bond, but not a single bond, under such settings. Each triple bond would absorb only one molecule of hydrogen.
Two hydrogen molecules are absorbed for each C8H8 molecule. Each molecule therefore contains two triple bonds.
c) Number of double bonds: 1.
Palladium catalysts convert both triple and double bonds to single bonds while preserving any rings. Each triple bond would consume two hydrogen molecules, whereas each double bond would consume one.
The two triple bonds as determined in b) account for the consumption of four out the five hydrogen molecules. One double bond shall be responsible for the other.
d) There is no ring in C8H18.
The molecular formula of C8H18 indicates an DoU of five. Each double bond contributes to the DoU by one, each triple bond by two. The double bond and the two triple bonds would have accounted for all five degrees of unsaturation. There are thus no spare DoU available for the presence of rings.
Final answer:
The described hydrocarbon with formula C8H8 has 4 degrees of unsaturation initially, indicating the presence of 2 triple bonds converted by Lindlar catalyst. The remaining 2 degrees of unsaturation are attributed to a ring structure.
Explanation:
The concept being evaluated here is degrees of unsaturation (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency) in organic molecules and how they refer to the number of double bonds, triple bonds, or rings that a molecule contains.
At first, we can calculate the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) which is calculated using the formula (2C+2+X-N)/2, where C is the number of Carbon atoms, X is the halogens and N is the nitrogens. For a molecule with formula C8H8, this equates to (2×8+2-8)/2 = 4. Therefore, your hydrocarbon has 4 degrees of unsaturation.
Now, considering the information that under Lindlar catalyst, the compound absorbed 2 equivalents of H2, which suggests the presence of 2 triple bonds converted to 2 double bonds. This leaves us with 2 degrees of unsaturation which must be in the form of a ring. However, on hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, 5 equivalents of H2 indicate that these 2 double bonds from the Lindlar reaction and the ring can convert completely to single bonds. So, In summary: a) Degrees of unsaturation: 4 b) Triple bonds: 2 c) Double bonds: 0 (after Lindlar hydrogenation) d) Number of Rings: 1
Learn more about Degrees of Unsaturation here:
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(1) H2
(2) N2
(3) O2
(4) F2
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Answer: (2)
Explanation:
1) is a diatomic molecule which is formed by sharing of two electrons between two hydrogen atoms.
2) is a diatomic molecule which is formed by sharing of six electrons between two nitrogen atoms.
3) is a diatomic molecule which is formed by sharing of four electrons between two oxygen atoms.
4) is a diatomic molecule which is formed by sharing of two electrons between two fluorine atoms.
two atoms share six electrons would be N2. It has five valence electrons, so it needs three more valence electrons to complete its octet.
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Answer:
The kinetic energy of a 4 kg mass moving at 3 m/s is 18 joules.
Explanation:
The kinetic energy (KE) of an object is calculated using the following formula: (image inserted)
Where:
KE: is the kinetic energy
m: is the mass of the object
v: is the velocity of the object
In your case, the mass (m) is 4 kg, and the velocity (v) is 3 m/s. Plugging these values into the formula.
The unit of kinetic energy is the joule (J), which is equivalent to a kg m^2/s^2. So:
KE = 18 J
B. Water molecules slow done until they begin to form stronger bonds together.
C. As water molecules cool, their shape changes from rounded to irregular, making them more likely to link to one another
D.Water molecules are squeezed together by high pressure until they begin to stick to one another.
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The correct option is B.
When the temperature of water is reduced, the water cools down and the molecules of the water lose energy and move slowly. As the water is cooling down its volume expands. When the temperature of the water reaches zero degree Celsius, the molecules of the water stick together and form solid ice, thus turning from a liquid state to a solid state.
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(2) reduction (4) nuclear fusion
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Answer:
Nuclear Fusion
Explanation:
In nuclear fusion two lighter nuclei combine together in order to form one heavier nucleus.
For example, the energy generated from the Sun is made by nuclear fusion: Two hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) nuclei combine in order to form one helium (He, atomic number 2) nucleus.
Nuclear fission is the opposite reaction, in which one heavier nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei.