"What would Avery, Macleod, and McCarty have concluded if their results had been that only RNAse treatment of the heat-killed bacteria prevented transformation of genetic virulence?

Answer:

Tetany

Explanation

The refractory period in the heart refers to the shortest interval between consecutive contraction conducted impulses out of the cardiac muscle.

It is important because it allows adjustments to stimuli and limits amount of action potential sent per minute.

Without a plateau extending the refractory period in the cardiac muscles.

Sarcomeres might be stimulated to contract instead of relaxing leading to sustained contraction also called Tetany.

Tetany is an involuntary muscle cramp or contraction caused by overly stimulated nerves.

Answer:

A genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by the change in the sequence of DNA. Down Syndrom and Huntington disease are two examples of genetic disorders.

Explanation:

A genetic disorder is a change in the sequence of the DNA that results in a disease or condition. These disorders are caused by the mutation of one or multiple genes, by damage in chromosomes, or by environmental factors.

Down syndrome is a known genetic disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 instead of the two copies. People with Down Syndrom have intellectual difficulties and a different physical complexion that can lead to some problems.

Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that causes the degeneration of neurons, which brings emotional, cognitive, and movement problems that worsen with time since it is a progressive disease.

When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen. This suggests the liver contains an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the correct option is C.

What is Catalase?

Catalase is a common enzyme which is found in nearly all living organisms which are exposed to oxygen gas. Catalase is a key enzyme which uses hydrogen peroxide, a nonradical Reactive Oxygen Species, as its substrate. Catalase enzyme is responsible for the neutralization through decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, thereby maintaining an optimum level of the molecule in the cell system which is also essential for the cellular signaling processes.

Catalase is an enzyme which causes or speeds up a reaction without being affected during the reaction. The enzyme catalase speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

Learn more about Catalase here:

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Answer: C

Explanation:

Catalyst is one enzyme from liver that breaks down harmful hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and water

Mendel was the first to explain the transmission of phenotypic characters and the independent assortment of the genes.

In the given data, F2 progeny of phenotypic traits are shown.

In the above observations, the gray body long wings and ebony body vestigial wing are parental combinations.

Also, the gray body and vestigial wings, and ebony body long wings are the recombinants.

The given ratio in the progeny indicates that gray bodies and long wings are expressed.

The genes for the two traits are independently assorted, which means that genes are unlinked present on the samechromosome.

Now,

For the F1 progeny:

• Gg Ll - G for Grey and L for Long
• The cross between F1 progeny and true gray vestigial will be:
• GGll x GgLl
• Gametes:  GL Gl gL gl Gl

The cross between Gl and hybrid will result in a 50% chance of flies having the gray body and vestigial wings.

b) In the above given F2 progeny, the cross between true gray body and long wings with true ebony body and vestigial wings, will result in the independent assortment of the genes.

Given:

• Parental gametes - GGLL x ggll
• Gametes produced - GL and gl

For the F1 progeny, all the offspring will have genotype GgLl  (Gray body and long wings but in heterozygous condition)

The above cross can be shown in the Punnett square, which is given in the attachment below.

To know more about Mendelian ratio, refer to the following link:

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Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

Consider the below table of F2 data of phenotypic flies: we can reconstruct the table as seen in the second attached image below:

From the above observations it is clear the Gray body long wings and Ebony body vestigial wings are the parental combinations and that the Gray body vestigial wings and Ebony body long wings are the recombinants.

Also the ratio indicates that Gray body is dominant over ebony body and that long wings is dominant over vestigial wings.

here the genes for the two characters have shown independent assortment which means that the genes are unlinked if located on the same chromosome or are located  on different chromosomes.

Now F1 hybrid= GgLl (G for Grey and L for Long)

Cross between F1 hybrid and true breeding Gray vestigial (GGll)

GgLl x GG ll

Gametes-----------> GL Gl gL gl Gl

        GL                          Gl                      gL                  gl

Gl    GGLl                      GGll                  GgLl               Ggll

   (Gray long)      (Gray vestigial)     (gray Long)     (Gray vestigial)

Therefore the probability of getting the flies with gray body vestigial wings= 2/4= 50%

b) The reason why the students obtained the above given F2 results involving a cross between true breeding Gray body and long wings with true breeding Ebony body and vestigial wings is that the genes for the two charcters asssort independently in F2 generation and that the genes are not linked as:

Parents------------------> GGLL x ggll

Gametes -----------------> GL gl

F1---------------------> GgLl (Gray long but in heterozous condition)

Now GgLl x GgLl

Gametes GL Gl gL gl   GL Gl gL gl

Here gametes assorted independently and hence in F2 generation we got the above results (U can show the results in the form of punnett square.

Answer:

Yes, D is correct.

Explanation: