Dinitrogen monoxide has a structural formula of NNO and requires resonance structures in order to draw the Lewis structures of the molecule. Based on formal charge distributions, themostsignificant (stable) resonance structure for this molecule exhibits the order of formal charges for the 1st N, the central N, and the O atoms, respectively, as:A. 0,+1,-1
B. -1,+1,0
C. -2,+3,-1
D. 0,0,0
Answers
Three resonance structures contribute to the structure of dinitrogen monoxide.
The resonance structure is invoked when a single structure can not sufficiently explain all the bonding properties of a compound. All the various contributing structures contribute to the final structure of the compound but not all to the same degree.
There are three resonance structures of dinitrogen monoxide. The most stable structure is always the structure that has the formal charges as -1, +1 and zero as shown.
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Answer:
A. 0, +1, -1
Explanation:
You can draw the lewis structure for NNO 3 ways: With two double bonds N=N=O, with a triple bond between the N and O and single bond between the two N's, or a triple bond between the two N's and a single bond between the N and O.
The goal is to have formal charges that are as small as possible, to have no identical formal charges on adjacent atoms, and to have the most negative formal charge on the most electronegative atom. The most stable structure is the one with the triple bond between the two N's because it gives the formal charges 0, 1, and -1 respectively. Unlike the other two structures, the negative formal charge is correctly placed on O, the most electronegative atom.
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The conclusions drawn by Ruthford after the experiment are that most of the atom is empty and that the nucleus of the atom is positively charged.
What is the atom?´
- It is the particular mentor of the matter.
- It is the element that makes up matter.
After the discovery of the atom, many scientists sought to understand this element more specifically, especially in relation to its composition. These discoveries were strengthened over time, and Rutherford was the one who established how the atom really is, with a positive charge in the nucleus and an electrosphere around it.
Complete question:
Ernest Rutherford completed his famous gold foil experiment in 1911. In this experiment, alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold foil. He observed that most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil unimpeded, but a small number of alpha particles were deflected. Which of the following conclusions about atomic structure were made from Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?
Most of the atom is empty.
The nucleus is positively charged.
The atom is a massive sphere.
The atom is indivisible.
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Answer: gold foil. It's in the experiment's name
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Answer:
Based on the given reaction, it is evident that the reaction is endothermic as indicated by a positive sign of enthalpy of reaction. Thus, it can be stated that the favoring of the forward reaction will take place by upsurging the temperature of the reaction mixture.
Apart from this, based on Le Chatelier’s principle, any modification in the quantity of any species is performed at equilibrium and the reaction will move in such an orientation so that the effect of the change gets minimized. Therefore, a slight enhancement in the concentration of the reactant will accelerate the reaction in the forward direction and hence more formation of the product takes place.
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The hydronium ion concentration [H₃O⁺]=7.826 x 10⁻⁶
Further explanation
In general, the weak acid ionization reaction
HA (aq) ---> H⁺ (aq) + A⁻ (aq)
Ka's value
Reaction
HCN(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + CN⁻ (aq)
0.125
x x x
0.125-x x x
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Final answer:
Buffer capacity denotes how much acid or base a buffer solution can integrate before alterations in pH becomes significant. It is crucial in maintaining physiological activities, particularly in blood pH regulation. The substance absorbing the ions is typically a weak acid/base and their conjugates.
Explanation:
Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base a buffer solution can accommodate before the pH is significantly pushed outside of the buffer range. Solutions that contain sizable quantities of a weak conjugate acid-base pair are known as buffer solutions. These usually experience only slight changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
A large enough addition of these substances can exceed the buffer capacity, consuming most of the conjugate pair and leading to a drastic change in pH. In living organisms, a variety of buffering systems exist to maintain the pH of blood and other fluids within a strict range between pH 7.35 and 7.45, ensuring normal physiological functioning.
The substance that absorbs the ions is usually a weak acid, which absorbs hydroxyl ions, or a weak concentrate base, which absorbs hydrogen ions. The buffer capacity is greater in solutions that contain more of this weak acid/base and their conjugates.
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Final answer:
Buffer capacity refers to the amount of acid or base that a buffer solution can absorb before experiencing a significant shift in pH, commonly by one pH unit.
Explanation:
Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base a buffer can handle before pushing the pH outside of the buffer range. Essentially, it is a measure of a buffer's resistance to pH change upon the addition of an acid or base. Buffer capacity depends on the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base present in the mixture. For instance, a solution with higher concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate will have a greater buffer capacity than a more dilute solution of the same components. The buffer's capacity is directly proportional to its ability to absorb strong acids or bases before there's a significant change in pH, typically defined as a shift by one pH unit.
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b. 8.5 x 10-6 M
c. 6.3 x 10-11 M
d. 1.3 x 10-12 M
e. 5.0 x 10-2 M
f. 1.8 x 10-5 M
Answers
Answer:
c. 6,3x10⁻¹¹M
Explanation:
The solubility of a buffer is defined as the concentration of the dissolved solid in a saturated solution. For the Cd(OH)₂, solubility is:
[Cd²⁺] = S
The dissolution of Cd(OH)₂ is:
Cd(OH)₂ ⇄ Cd²⁺ + 2OH⁻
And the ksp is defined as:
ksp = [Cd²⁺][OH⁻]²
As ksp = 2,5x10⁻¹⁴ and [OH⁻] at pH=12,30 = 10^-(14-12,30) = 0,01995M
2,5x10⁻¹⁴ = [Cd²⁺]×(0,01995M)²
[Cd²⁺] = 6,3x10⁻¹¹M
That means solubility is c. 6,3x10⁻¹¹M
I hope it helps!
Final answer:
The molar solubility of Cd(OH)2 when buffered at a pH of 12.30 can be calculated using the concept of hydrolysis. The correct answer is 6.3 x 10^(-11) M.
Explanation:
To calculate the molar solubility of Cd(OH)2 when buffered at a pH of 12.30, we need to use the concept of hydrolysis. Cd(OH)2 is a slightly soluble salt that undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous solution. At a high pH value, OH- ions react with water to form more OH- ions, shifting the equilibrium towards the hydrolysis reaction.
- First, we write the balanced equation for the hydrolysis reaction: Cd(OH)2(s) ⇌ Cd2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
- Since OH- is being produced, we can assume that the concentration of OH- is much greater than that of Cd2+. Therefore, we can ignore the concentration of Cd2+ when calculating the solubility product (Ksp).
- Next, we use the equation for the hydrolysis reaction to write the expression for the solubility product constant (Ksp): Ksp = [Cd2+][OH-]^2
- The concentration of OH- ions in a basic solution is related to the pH by the equation: pOH = 14 - pH
- Using this equation, we can calculate the pOH of the buffered solution: pOH = 14 - 12.30 = 1.70
- Then, we convert the pOH back to OH- concentration: [OH-] = 10^(-pOH) = 10^(-1.70)
- Finally, we substitute the calculated [OH-] into the expression for Ksp to solve for the molar solubility of Cd(OH)2: [Cd(OH)2] = sqrt(Ksp / [OH-]^2)
After performing the calculations, the molar solubility of Cd(OH)2 when buffered at a pH of 12.30 is approximately 6.3 x 10^(-11) M. Therefore, the correct answer is option c. 6.3 x 10^(-11) M.
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