Please help :)1: Catalysts lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. How does this benefit the environment?
2: Chlorine free radicals are produced in the upper atmosphere when ultraviolet radiation interacts with chlorofluorocarbons (CHCs). The free radicals catalyze the conversion of ozone to oxygen. How is this catalysis harmful to humans
Answers
1. By using less energy, reactions that are catalysed are also more sustainable, and therefore better for the environment.
2. By catalysing the conversion of ozone into oxygen, the ozone layer sees a reduction, also reducing the amount of protection from direct UV rays given to humans and other forms of life by the ozone layer.
Related Questions
In Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiments, some alpha particles were deflected from their original paths, but most passed through the foil with no deflection. Which statement about gold atoms is supported by these experimental observations?Gold atoms consist mostly of empty space. Gold atoms are similar to alpha particles. Alpha particles and gold nuclei have opposite charges. Alpha particles are less dense than gold atoms.
What is a chemical solution and what are the names of its components?
Describe a polyhydroxyl alcohol.
Which statement describes an alternate theory of acids and bases?(1) Acids and bases are both H+ acceptors.(2) Acids and bases are both H+ donors.(3) Acids are H+ acceptors, and bases are H+ donors.(4) Acids are H+ donors, and bases are H+ acceptors.
Answers
Answer:
Exergonic process
Explanation:
A reaction in which the change in free energy is negative is what is termed an exergonic reaction. Energy is released into the surrounding medium in this type of reaction.
When pellets of NaoH is dissolved in water, energy in the form of heat is released into the medium and the solution gets hot.
Hence, the dissolution of NaoH in water is said to be exergonic.
Answers
Final answer:
The totalpressure in the container is 1.03 atm, which is the sum of the pressure of the carbon dioxide (1 atm) and the partial pressure of the water vapor (0.03 atm) at 25.0°C.
Explanation:
The question is asking about the total pressure in a container after the sublimation of carbon dioxide at a certain temperature in the presence of water. Carbon dioxide sublimates (turns from solid directly to a gas) at normal atmospheric pressure, which is 1 atm. Sublimation is a phase transition in which a solid turns into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. In this case, the CO2 sublimates and is collected in a container over water.
However, as the gas is collected over water, it also becomes saturated with water vapor. The total pressure in the container is therefore the sum of the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide plus the partial pressure of the water vapor. At 25.0°C, the partial pressure of the water vapor is about 0.03 atm. Therefore, the total pressure in the container will be 1 atm (from the CO2) + 0.03 atm (from the water vapor) = 1.03 atm. This is the total pressure in the container.
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Final answer:
The total pressure in the container is 1.03 atmospheres, combining the pressure of sublimated CO2 (1.00 atm) and the vapor pressure of water at 25.0 °C (0.03 atm).
Explanation:
To determine the total pressure in the container containing carbon dioxide and water vapor, we need to consider both the dry gas pressure and the vapor pressure of water. Carbon dioxide sublimes at 1.00 atm at standard atmospheric pressure. However, the gas collected over water becomes saturated with water vapor. The pressure of the pure CO2 gas is therefore equal to the total pressure minus the vapor pressure of the water. The vapor pressure of water at 25.0 °C is approximately 0.03 atm. Therefore, the total pressure in the container is the sum of the pressure due to the carbon dioxide and the water vapor, which equals 1.00 atm + 0.03 atm = 1.03 atm.
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a set shape
B. Liquids take the shape of their container
C. You cannot change the shape of a substance
D. Shape is a characteristic property
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During collisions between two gas particles, kinetic energy is transferred without any loss.
The motion of gas particles is constant and random.
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Answer: Collisions between gas particles are inelastic.
Explanation: Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the basic relation between the temperature and the speed of the gaseous molecule . From this theory itself, ideal gas equation was born.
the incorrect postulates among the given is that the 'Collisions between gas particles are inelastic' because during collision, the gas molecules collide with one another as well as with the walls of the container .
Thus there is no loss of kinetic energy in the collision phenomenon .
It is also correctly given that Gas particles are small and spherical with an insignificant volume and the motion of gas particles is constant and random.
The collisions in a gas are assumed to be perfectly elastic
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covalent bonding is when electrons are shared between two elements.
molecular polarity is a little bit complicated, but I will try to explain ;)
PCl3 is an alternation on tetrahedral molecules.
It means that P has one lone pair of electrons. This pair of electrons are only attracted to the P nuclei and thus a greater freedom of motion.
This means that their orbital is bigger and this pushes the 3 Cl atoms closer together.
The angle between each Cl now is 107 and the angle between Cls and P is greater than 107.
Now, due to this shape, and also electronegativity (Cl is more electronegative than P meaning that it tends to hog the electrons they share closer to itself), PCl3 is polar. Electrons that are shared tend to flow closer towards the Cl than the P side.
Therefore, on the Cl side of the molecule it's, more negative. On the P side, it's more positive.
In the given question, bond type for the molecule is covalent bond and molecular polarity of
is polar in nature, respectively.
Polarity is caused if it has an uneven distribution of electrons, causing one end of the molecule to be slightly positive and the other end to be slightly negative.
The bond type of is covalent. Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. In
, the phosphorus atom shares three of its valence electrons with three chlorine atoms to form three covalent bonds.
The molecular polarity of is polar. In
, the three chlorine atoms exert a stronger pull on the shared electrons, causing them to be slightly negative, while the phosphorus atom is slightly positive. This creates a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.
Therefore, has covalent bonds and it is a polar molecule.
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Record the results of each of your physical property tests in the table below.
Wood Clay Brick Iron Aluminum Copper Nickel
Flexibility
(?/10)
Magnetism
(number of paper clips)
Thermal Conductivity
(W/(m·K))
Electrical Conductivity
(x107 S/m)
Mass (g) 10g 10g 10g 10g 10g 10g
Volume (cm3)
Formula:
L x W x H
Density
(g/cm3)
Formula:
D=M/V
Answers
The exercise is to measure and record the Physical properties of materials, such as flexibility, magnetism, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and density. Magnetism and flexibility can be observed directly, while density, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity require calculations.
The student is asked to measure and record the physical properties of various materials.
Flexibility can be rated subjectively on a scale of 1-10, with 10 being most flexible.
Magnetism can be tested by seeing how many paper clips each material can hold.
Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K)) is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat, while Electrical Conductivity (x107 S/m) measures the material's ability to conduct electricity.
For density, you need the mass (M) and volume (V) of the material.
The mass is given as 10g for all materials. You have to measure the volume (V) using the formula length x width x height (L x W x H).
Then plug M and V into the density formula D=M/V to get the density in g/cm3. Keep in mind that each material will have different properties.
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