An estser is the reaction product between: a. Alcohol and organic acid B. Alcohol and oxygen
C. Ketones and Oxygen.
D. Aldehydes and Alcohol

Answer:

• Option B. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

Explanation:

The colligative properties depend on the concentration of particles  (molecules or ions) of solute dissolved and not on the identity of the solute.

For your reference the colligative properties are: i) boiling point increase, ii) freezing point depression, iii) vapor pressure lowering, and iv) osmotic pressure.

When the solute is a ionic compound the ionization yields several ions, so for ionic solutes you must predict first the number or ions formed per unit of compound and then predict the effect on the colligative properties: the greater the number of ions per unit of compound the greater the effect on colligative properties.

So, just set the ionization equations for each compound:

• MgSO₄ (aq) → Mg²⁺ (aq) + SO₄²⁻  (aq): 2 ions

• CaCl₂ (aq) → Ca²⁺  (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) : 3 ions

• KI (aq) → K⁺ (aq) + I⁻ (aq): 2 ions

• C₆H₁₂O₆ is a molecular compound, not a ionic one, so it remains s 1 molecule.

Then, since calcium chloride, CaCl₂, produces the greater number of ions it is the solute that productes the greatest effect on colligative properties.

Answer:

D. Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

Explanation:

Founder's Education/ Educere Answer

The concentration of hydroxideions in the given aqueous solution is equal to  6.3 ×10⁻³ M.

What is the pOH?

pOH can be calculated from the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydroxideions in the given aqueous solution.

Mathematically, the formula of the pOH can be represented as shown below:

pOH = - log ([OH⁻ ])                                                

and pH  +  pOH  =  14                                                       ..............(1)

Where [OH⁻] is representing the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.

Given, the value of the pH of the ammonia solution, pH = 11.8

Substitute the value of the pH in equation (1):

pH + pOH  =  14    

11.8  - log [OH⁻] = 14

- log [OH⁻] = 14 -11.8

log [OH⁻] = - 2.2

[OH⁻] = 6.3 × 10⁻³ M

Therefore, the concentration of the hydroxideions is equal to 6.3 ×10⁻³ M.

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Answer: physical change

Explanation:

A physical change is defined as a change in which there is alteration in shape, size etc. No new substance gets formed in these changes

Example: Melting of ice

A chemical change is defined as a change in which a change in chemical composition takes place. A new substance is formed in these changes.

Example: Corrosion of iron called as rusting.  

Thus when the metal wire in an incandescent light bulb glows when the light is switched on and stops flowing when it is switched off is just a physical change as there is no change in chemical composition.

Answer: ability to dissolve ionic substances

Explanation: Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen molecules. The less electronegative hydrogen atoms occupy partial positive charge and oxygen being more electronegative occupy partial negative charge.

Due to this polarity, it is able to interact with ionic substances and thus dissolve them easily which is explained by the statement Like dissolves like. The ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents and non ionic compounds are soluble in non polar solvents.

The ability to dissolve ionic substances is primarily due to the uneven distribution of charge between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water.

Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a positive charge on one side (hydrogen) and a negative charge on the other side (oxygen). This polarity is a result of the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the water molecule. The oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms, pulling the shared electrons closer to itself, resulting in a partial negative charge around the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge around the hydrogen atoms.

Because of its polarity, water molecules are attracted to ions in ionic substances. When an ionic compound, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), is added to water, the polar water molecules surround and separate the positive and negative ions, breaking the ionic bonds and causing the substance to dissolve. This ability of water to dissolve ionic substances is essential for various biological processes and makes it an excellent solvent for many substances.

In contrast, the other properties listed (color, taste, ability to produce buoyant forces) are not primarily related to the uneven charge distribution in water molecules but are influenced by other factors such as impurities, dissolved substances, and the reflection of light.

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