How would having a large surface area to volume ratio affect diffusion rates of a cell? Offering 50 points.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

The following life cycle stages do both complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects have in common is adult. Thus, option B is correct.

What is larva?

Larva" is a stage in the life cycle of an insect among the following choices given in the question that a caterpillar represents. A Caterpillar represents the larva stage in the life cycle of an insect. The Caterpillar is most specifically Butterfly Larva. In this stage of the Butterfly life cycle, the Caterpillar spends most time eating, growing and shedding their exoskeleton.

Life cycle stages do both complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects have in common is adult. A Caterpillar represents the larva stage in the life cycle of an insect. The Caterpillar is most specifically Butterfly Larva. Larva" is a stage in the life cycle of an insect among the following choices given in the question that a caterpillar represents.

Therefore, The following life cycle stages do both complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects have in common is adult. Thus, option B is correct.

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Answer 2
Answer:

Surface area to volume ratio, in simple means the size of surface area to the volume of substance that can pass through it at a particular time.

Amoeba and some bacteria are flat and have large surface area to volume ratio. So the diffusion rate is very high due to large surface area.

Where as humans have small surface area: volume so diffusion is very slow or does not take place at all.


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You have a mixture of three proteins X, Y, and Z.a. X is positively charged, has a mass of 100 kDa, it binds sugars.
b. Y is positively charged, has a mass of 200 kDa, it does not bind sugars.
c. Z is negatively charged, has a mass of 100 kDa, it does not bind sugars.

What will be the most efficient method to purify protein X from the mixture of X, Y, and Z?

i. washing
ii. drying
iii. ion-exchange chromatography
iv. gel filtration chromatography
v. affinity chromatography

Answers

Answer:

iii. ion-exchange chromatography

Explanation:

We have to purify the proteins and column chromatography is used widely for the purification of proteins. Ion-Exchange chromatography is also a type of column chromatography.

When the sugar binding protein X passes through the column, the sugar and  proteins binds together by exchanging ions and coagulated out no matter what the nature of charge on proteins...

List two chemicals that you think have low entropy and two that have high entropy. Explain the reason for your choices.

Answers

The Two substance that has low entropy are diamond and graphite while the other two chemical/substance that has high entropy are Noble gases(helium, neon, etc) and oxygen.

Generally, entropy measures the disorder or randomness in a system. High entropy implies randomness or high disorder while low entropy indicates orderliness.High entropy system, more energy is lost to the environment/surroundings.

Examples of chemicals or substances with high and low entropy are listed below

Low entropy

1.Diamond: This is a carbon crystalline substance. The makeup follows a well-structured pattern.  The particles are tightly packed thereby giving them a low entropy value. This means they are well ordered.

2.Graphite: This is another carbon substance but they have higher entropy than diamond but generally possess a low entropy.

High entropy

Generally, gaseous substances possess high entropy, and this includes

1. Nobles gases(helium, argon, Neon, etc); These gases when placed in a closed system they exhibit high entropy. They act disorderly. They move randomly and tend to occupy every space available in the system.

2. Oxygen gas: This is another gaseous substance that exhibits disorderliness when placed in a closed system.  

The arrangement of the particles and cohesive forces holding the individual particles of the substance together play a large role in determining its entropy.

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Here are two examples:  

Low entropy: -A carbon crystal structure at a temperature near absolute zero,              

                      -A chunk of ice has low entropy

High entropy:- A box filled with two elements in their gaseous state, both of which are noble gases.

                       - Burning wood illustrates an increase in entropy  heated very          high temperature, with the gas "not very dense".

 The entropy of a chemical system depends on its energy and its multiplicity,  or how many different ways its atoms and molecules can be arranged. By adding new arrangements or energy, you increase entropy.  A diamond, for example, has low entropy because the crystal structure fixes its atoms in place. If you smash the diamond,  entropy increases because the original, single crystal becomes hundreds of tiny pieces that can be rearranged in many ways.

Burning wood illustrates an increase in entropy as The wood starts as a single, solid object.  Fire consumes the wood, releasing energy along with carbon dioxide and water vapor, and leaving a pile of ashes.  The atoms in the vapors and gases vibrate energetically, spreading out in an ever-expanding cloud.  Dissolving salt in water is another example of increasing entropy; the salt begins as fixed crystals,  and the water splits away the sodium and chlorine atoms in the salt into separate ions, moving freely with water molecules.  A chunk of ice has low entropy because its molecules are frozen in place.  Add heat energy and entropy increases. The ice turns to water, and its molecules agitate like popcorn in a popper.

Which ingredient is a product of photosynthesis? Sugar, sunlight, carbon dioxide, or water?

Answers

Answer:

sugar

Explanation:

plant converts ATP to sugar

Which of these layers is the deepest?

Answers

Answer:

the answer is B. C horizon

Explanation:

AP3X

the deepest layer: horizon

Describe how the Hawaiian islands have formed.

Answers

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot, the string of islands that make up the Hawaiian Island chain were formed.

What is hotspot?

"In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle".

What is Pacific plate ?

"The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate".

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Answer:

Explanation:

The Hawaiian Emperor seamount chain is a well-known example of a large seamount and island chain created by hot-spot volcanism. ... The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate.

In peas, the round allele (r) is dominant to the wrinkled allele (r), and tall (t) is dominant to short (t). a pure-breeding round, tall strain is crossed to a wrinkled, short strain, and the f1 plants are crossed back to the wrinkled, short strain. what proportion of the offspring will be wrinkled and tall

Answers

The round allele is dominant (R)
The wrinkled allele is recessive (r)
The tall allele is dominant (T)
The short allele is recessive (t)

The genotype of the f1 generation would be RrTt.So if you cross that back to the wrinkled short then the Punnet of that cross would look like this:

RrTt x rrtt

      RT           Rt           rT          rt
rt   RrTt       Rrtt          rrTt        rrtt
rt   RrTt       Rrtt          rrTt        rrtt
rt   RrTt       Rrtt          rrTt        rrtt
rt   RrTt       Rrtt          rrTt        rrtt

The genotype for a wrinkled tall should be rrTt at least in this case because neither of the parents are pure-breed. 

The proportion would then be then 4/16 or 1/4. There is a 25% chance of  yielding a wrinkled tall. 

Final answer:

When crossing a heterozygous round, tall F1 pea plant with a homozygous wrinkled, short pea plant, the probability of the offspring being wrinkled and tall is 1/4.

Explanation:

In pea plants, we have two traits where round seed shape (R) is dominant to wrinkled seed shape (r), and tall height (T) is dominant to short height (t). When a homozygous round, tall plant (RRTT) is crossed with a homozygous wrinkled, short plant (rrtt), the resulting F1 generation will all have the genotype RrTt (heterozygous for both traits). If these F1 plants are then crossed back to the wrinkled, short strain (rrtt), we need to look at each trait separately to determine the phenotype ratios.

For the seed shape, the F1 plants (Rr) crossed with the wrinkled, short (rr) can produce offspring with either Rr or rr genotype. Therefore, the probability of having a wrinkled (rr) offspring is 1/2. For height, the F1 plants (Tt) crossed with the wrinkled, short (tt) can also produce offspring with either Tt or tt genotype. The probability of having a tall (Tt) offspring is 1/2 as well. To find the proportion of offspring that are wrinkled and tall, we multiply the probabilities of the independent events: 1/2 (chance of being wrinkled) × 1/2 (chance of being tall) which equals 1/4.

Therefore, the proportion of offspring that will be wrinkled and tall from this cross is 1/4.