Your best friend wants to borrow $2000 from you today for an emergency purchase they need to make that requires a cash payment. They promise to pay you back $1000 in 1 year (i.e. 12 months) and then pay you $1100 in two years (i.e. in 24 months). You would have to remove the money from your stock investment account which is earning on average a return of 5% (i.e. the effective yearly interest rate you are getting on your money is 0.05). Required:
a. Is this a fair deal for you? Justify your answer with an engineering economics analysis and discussion of the situation by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) for the scenario.
b. Draw a Cash Flow Diagram for this situation.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

a. It is not a fair deal for me.

The question is how much is $1,000 today when received in 12 months' time from now. The present value of $1,000 at 5% effective interest rate is $952 ($1,000 * 0.952). The other repayment of $1,100 in 2 years' time from now is worth $997.70 today at the 5% effective interest rate. This implies that my friend is repaying me $1,949.70 in present value terms.

For friendship sake, I may lend her the money, but in economic analysis terms, the NPV value will yield a negative value of $50.30 ($2,000 - $1,949.70). My friend is not actually paying me back the amount I would lend to her. She is paying me less than I actually would lend to her.

b. Cash Flow Diagram:

Year 1 Year 2

F1 F2

$1,000 $1,100 (Inflows)

Fo⇵.................⇵.......................⇵...........................⇵n period

Year 0

$2,000 (outflows)

Explanation:

The cash flow diagram for this loan is the graphical representation of the timing of the cash flows with a clear marking of the repayments made by my best friend in two instalments and the $2,000 that I lent to her. This cash flow diagram presents the flow of cash as arrows on a timeline scaled to the magnitude of the cash flow, where outflows are down arrows and inflows are up arrows.

The Net present value (NPV) of this loan shows the difference between the present value of repayments by my best friend and the present value of $2,000 that I lent to her over a period of 2 years. To obtain this difference, the present values of cash inflows of $1,000 in a year's time and $1,100 in two years' time are determined using the discount factor table based on the given interest rate of 5%.

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Darwin is a 60-year-old software engineer for Compuswerve, Inc. Recently, the company went through a reorganization process meant to revamp the business and the work it does. The directors want to rework the company as a fresh, hip business with cutting-edge knowledge from young, creative-minded employees. Obviously, Darwin doesn’t fit into the directors’ vision, so the managers wish to replace him. Sure enough, a few weeks later Compuswerve hires some new employees, and Darwin is offered a severance plan and dismissed.1. Which of the following, if true, would legally support the company’s decision to fire and replace Darwin? Check all that apply.
a. if the company had fewer than 20 employees
b. if Darwin needed a reasonable accommodation to perform his job due to a disability
c. if Darwin planned to retire in less than five years
d. if Darwin was unable to perform the essential functions of his job
e. if Darwin had another job offer elsewhere
f. if the company was a private (non-governmental) organization
g. if there were more highly skilled workers in the organization who could take his place
2. Which law prevents employees like Darwin from discrimination in employment?
a. ADEA
b. Title VII
c. Affirmative action
d. ADA
3. Are the company’s actions permissible, considering its mission and vision?
a. No, because Darwin was treated less favorably than younger employees based solely on his age.
b. Yes, because age is not a protected class in employment law.
c. No, because Darwin was not given compensation or allowed adequate time to find another job.
d. Yes, because the company is private and therefore has the right to hire or fire whomever they want to.

Answers

Answer:

Darwin and Compuserve, Inc.

1. d. if Darwin was unable to perform the essential functions of his job

e. if Darwin had another job offer elsewhere

2. b. Title VII

3. a. No, because Darwin was treated less favorably than younger employees based solely on his age.

Explanation:

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that protects employees against discrimination based on certain specified characteristics: race, color, national origin, sex, and religion. Under Title VII, an employer may not discriminate with regard to any term, condition, or privilege of employment.

Federal employment laws prohibit discrimination of persons who are over 40 years.

Flesch Corporation produces and sells two products. In the most recent month, Product C90B had sales of $24,700 and variable expenses of $6,175. Product Y45E had sales of $35,280 and variable expenses of $15,876. The fixed expenses of the entire company were $17,300. If the sales mix were to shift toward Product C90B with total dollar sales remaining constant, the overall break-even point for the entire company: Multiple Choice could increase or decrease. would increase. would decrease. would not change.

Answers

Answer:

C) Would decrease

Explanation:

Plush Corporation purchased 100 percent of Common Corporation’s common stock on January 1, 20X3, and paid $450,000. The fair value of Common’s identifiable net assets at that date was $430,000. By the end of 20X5, the fair value of Common, which Plush considers to be a reporting unit, had increased to $485,000; however, Plush’s external auditor made a passing comment to the company’s chief accountant that Plush might need to recognize impairment of goodwill on one or more of its investments.Prepare a memo to Plush’s chief accountant indicating the tests used in determining whether goodwill has been impaired. Include in your discussion one or more possible conditions under which Plush might be required to recognize impairment of goodwill on its investment in Common Corporation.In preparing your memo, review the current accounting literature, including authoritative pronouncements of the FASB and other appropriate bodies. Support your discussion with citations and quotations from the applicable literature.

Answers

Answer:

Please refer the detail answer in the memo below

Explanation:

Date: 24 January 20XX

Subject: Review of Impairment of Goodwill

From: External Auditors

To: Chief Accountant, Plush Corporation

Upon review of the investment made by your company in Common Corporation, we believe that there are possible indications of the impairment of the goodwill initially recognized in the books upon acquisition.

At the time of Acquisition:

Consideration = $450,000

Fair Value of Net Assets = $430,000

Goodwill = $450,000 - $430,000 = $20,000

The new guidance issued by FASB, requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss will be measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value.

However, if we follow the previous guidance of FASB, we have to test the impairment with the following three steps:

Step 1: We will compare the carrying amount of the net assets with the Fair value of Reporting Unit, and if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, we will record the impairment.

Step 1: We will compute, implied value of goodwill by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with the fair value of the identifiable net assets, if FV of net assets are higher, then there is no impairment, otherwise we will jump to Step 3.

Step 3: If the calculated implied value of the goodwill is lower than the actual goodwill at acquisition, than the difference is the impairment loss, however in case the implied value of the goodwill is higher than the actual goodwill at acquisition, no impairment shall be recorded.

Apparently, since the fair value of Common had increased to $485,000, there is no need to recognize the impairment loss on goodwill; however we believe that the estimated fair value of Common is less than the $430,000 and therefore impairment should be recorded.

Analysts estimate the cost of debt capital for Abbott Laboratories (NYSE: ABT) is 3.0% and that its cost of equity capital is 5.0%. Assume that ABT's statutory tax rate is 37%, the risk-free rate is 2.5%, the market risk premium is 5.0%, the ABT market price is $65.60 per common share, and its dividends are $0.88 per common share. (a) Compute ABT's average pretax borrowing rate and its market beta. (Round your answers to one decimal place.) Average borrowing rate = Answer 1.3 % Market beta =

Answers

Answer:

4.76% and 0.5

Explanation:

The computation is shown below:

Average borrowing rate is

= Cost of debt capital ÷ (1 - tax rate)

= 3% ÷ (1 - 0.37)

= 4.76%

And, the market beta is

Cost of equity = Risk free rate of return + Beta × (Market risk premium - risk free rate of return)

5% = 2.5% + Beta × 5%

So, the beta is 0.5

The (Market risk premium - risk free rate of return) is also known as market risk premium

Final answer:

The average pre-tax borrowing rate for Abbott Laboratories is 4.8%. The market beta cannot be calculated without additional information.

Explanation:

The computations for the average pre-tax borrowing rate and market beta for Abbott Laboratories (NYSE: ABT) require different approaches. The estimate provided in the question, 3.0%, is an after-tax cost of debt capital so to find the pre-tax cost of debt, we need to adjust this rate for the tax impact. You would use the formula: pre-tax cost of debt = after-tax cost of debt / (1 - tax rate). Plugging the given values in, we get:

3.0% / (1 - 0.37) = 4.76%,

rounded to 4.8%.

As for the market beta, additional information would be needed that was not provided in the question, such as the covariance of ABT's stock return with the return on the overall market, and the variance of the market's return. Because of this, the market beta cannot be calculated with the provided information. This underlines the importance of clear and detailed information in solving financial analysis problems.

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If a customer values good A at $15, and it costs the firm $10 to produce, current profit per unit is

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

15 - 10 = 5

Please Help me, with this question for one of my class discussions. Think of a product and describe the stages of production the product goes through.

Answers

Answer:

Well, it depends on the product. But, I'd say, first, an idea for the product. Creating/designing and refining the product is next. Then, when finally satisfied, begin mass production

Explanation:

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