The diagram shows the electron arrangement in a molecule of ammonia, showing only outershell electrons.
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(i) State the type of bonding in ammonia.
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The diagram shows 5 eletctron in the outermost shell of Nitrogen atom out of which 3 electrons are involved in the bond formation with 3Hydrogen atoms.
The type of bond in ammonia is Covalent.
What is covalent bond ?
Covalent bond is the bond formed by mutual Sharing of electrons by both the atoms taking part in the bond formation.
Nitrogen has 5valence electrons of which only 3 are shares with the 3 atoms of hydrogen (one electron shares with one atom of hydrogen)
Hence, type of bond in ammonia is covalent.
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Final answer:
Ammonia (NH3) has a covalent bonding type resulting in a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry, but because of the lone pair, the molecular structure is trigonal pyramidal. The bond angle is slightly less than 109.5⁰ due to the lone pair occupying more space.
Explanation:
The type of bonding in ammonia, which has a molecule structure as shown in the question, is covalent bonding. The ammonia molecule, NH3, has one lone pair and three single bonds which gives it a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry, as shown in Figure 7.18. However, because one of these regions is a lone pair that is not counted in the molecular structure, the molecule assumes a trigonal pyramidal shape.
The lone pair occupies more space than the single bonds, which leads to a slight deviation in the actual bond angles from the idealised angles. The angle in the ammonia molecule is slightly less than 109.5⁰ due to this additional electron pair's space occupancy.
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Li2S + 2 HNO3 --> 2 LiNO3 + H2S
Li2 S + H2 N2 O2 --> Li2 N2 O5 + H2 S
Li S + H2 N2 O5 -> Li N2 O5 + H2 S
Li2 S2 + H4 N4 O10 --> Li2 N4 O10 + H4 S2
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(2) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(3) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(4) N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
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Answer:
4) N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
Explanation:
In a chemical equation, the location of the word "heat" can be used to quickly determine whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. If heat is released as a product of the reaction, the reaction is exothermic. If heat is listed on the side of the reactants, the reaction is endothermic.
However in the options given, heat was not mentioned. this means we would have to undergo elimination process.
Option 2 represents combustion of methane, heat is a natural by product of any combustion reaction. hence, the correct answer cannot be 2.
Option 1 - The C=O bonds in CO2 have a high bond energy (the energy you would need to break them) which is more than either of the C-C or O=O bonds in the elements and their sum. Thus to create C and O2 from CO2 you would have to put in energy to break the two C=O bonds. You would get some back from the C-C and O=O bonds but less. Thus you need to add a lot of energy to convert CO2 into its elements. (You can decompose it at high temperatures.)
The reverse process gives off heat. So again, the correct answer cannot be 1.
Option 3 - The heat of formation of H2 ( g ) and N2( gas) under the standard condition is zero ( 0), and heat of formation of NH3 ( g ) is -46.11 kj / mol, so for the formation of 2 moles of NH3( g ) it would be - 92.22 kj,
The -ve symbol is indicative of the above reaction is exothermic in nature. So again, the correct answer cannot be 3.
Our only option left is 4 - The standard enthalpy of formation of nitric oxide (NO) in the gas phase is about +90 kJ/mol, which is endothermic. The primary reason for this is that the nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond is very strong (941 kJ/mol). The energy cost to break that bond as well as the oxygen-oxygen double bond (495 kJ/mol) is not compensated by the forming of the nitrogen-oxygen double bond (607 kJ/mol). Endothermic reactions are the result of breaking strong bonds and forming weaker ones.
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alpha decay
beta decay and
gamma decay
ALPHA- particle with two neutrons and two protons is ejected from the nucleus of the radioactive atom. this particle released is called an alpha particle. Only occurs with heavy metals.
BETA- pretty much when a proton is transformed into a neutron, or vise versa. in a beta minus decay, the nuetron decays into a proton and in a beta plus decay, a proton decays into a neutron
GAMMA- the nucleus changes from a high energy state to a low energy state by releasing electromagnetic radiation (photons). the number of protons and neutrons stay the same during this reaction therefore the element is still the same.