1. Describe how cities brought about change at the dawn of the Renaissance.

During the Renaissance the cities of Italy were (especially in the north) were the largest in Europe, their culture the most urban. The other major states of Europe (such as Spain, France and England) were still much more agricultural in nature and their cities were much smaller. The one exception perhaps is the single city of Constantinople (Istanbul) which by the 15th century was on its last leg and was conquered by the Turks in 1453. Furthermore, in comparison to the Islamic cities such as Grenada, Baghdad and Alexandria even the largest European cities of Italy were much smaller than the those of the Islamic Empire(s).

Final answer:

Cities at the dawn of the Renaissance, like Florence, became robust hubs promoting change, characterized by a surge in arts, humanistic study, and intellectual transformation as they cultivated a favourable environment for the Renaissance to thrive.

Explanation:

At the dawn of the Renaissance, there was a shift from a more rural, agrarian life to that of urban living as cities began to grow in size and influence. Interestingly, it's in these urban habitats where the seeds of Renaissance began to sprout. Cities, acting as robust cultural, economic, and educational hubs, aided in the spread of ideas and fostered a great deal of intellectual activity.

For instance, the city of Florence, which is historically dubbed as the 'cradle of the Renaissance', greatly encouraged the arts and humanistic studies. The city patrons, notably the Medici family, invested substantially in arts and education. This, in turn, cultivated an environment conducive for thinkers, artists, and scholars - an ideal atmosphere for the ideas of the Renaissance to flourish.

So, at the dawn of the Renaissance, cities were more than just population centers. They became catalysts for change, promoting cultural and intellectual growth that led to a significant transformation in education, arts, and society at large.

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