How many orbitals are in the second shell?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8

CH2OHCH2OH is a general example of a polyhydroxyl alcohol. A polyhydroxyl alchol is one in which there are two hydroxyl groups present in the substance. The –OH group attached to both the carbon atoms.

Answer:

Nitrogen atom (neutral)

- Atomic number: 7

- Atomic mass: 16

- #protons (+): 7

- #neutrons: 9 (Atomic mass - Atomic number)

- #electrons (-): 7

- Overall charge: 0 (neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons)

- Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p³ (two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, and three electrons in the 2p orbital)

Nitrogen ion

- Atomic number: 7

- Atomic mass: 16

- #protons (+): 7

- #neutrons: 9 (Atomic mass - Atomic number)

- #electrons (-): 10 (one additional electron)

- Overall charge: -1 (negative ion, gained one electron)

- Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ (two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, and six electrons in the 2p orbital)

The atomic mass of #1 (neutral nitrogen atom) and #3 (nitrogen isotope) are different because they have different numbers of neutrons. The neutral nitrogen atom has 9 neutrons, while the nitrogen isotope has 9 neutrons. The electron configuration of #1 (neutral nitrogen atom) and #2 (nitrogen ion) is different because the nitrogen ion has gained one extra electron. The extra electron occupies an available space in the 2p orbital, resulting in a different electron configuration.

Diagram #2 is considered an ion because it has a different number of electrons than the neutral nitrogen atom. The nitrogen ion in diagram #2 has 10 electrons, one more than the neutral nitrogen atom. It is a negatively charged ion (-1) because it has gained one electron. This type of ion is called a nitride ion. The number at the end of the nitrogen isotope's electron configuration represents the number of electrons in the outermost energy level or shell. For nitrogen, the number at the end is 5, indicating that it has 5 electrons in its outermost shell.

Explanation:

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