Name a product or a company that you are familiar with. Discuss how environmental forces (social, economic, technological, competitive, and regulatory) will impact that product/company over the next five years.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer:

The name of the product is Coke and this is a Pestel Analysis.

PESTEL is short for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. All representing factors that can and will impact the operations of any business.

Explanation:

Coca-Cola is a global company with is in the business of providing refreshments to its customers by the sale of Soda or soft drinks. Because of the nature of the product, the industry in which they play is heavily regulated and they must use the best technology in order to stay relevant, competitive, and dominant in the market.  

 

Political factors

One of the regulators to whom Coca-cola must dance to its tune is the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) a Federal Agency of the Department of Health and Human Services in the US. All Coca-cola product must meet their requirements as stipulated by law. If the laws enforced by FDA changes it could adversely affect the distribution, taxes, accounting, and all other operations of Coca-Cola.  

 

Economical factors

Some economic factors that may affect a business like Coca-cola are:

Interest rates, exchange rates, recession, Inflation, Taxes, Demand / Supply.

One critical factor in this group which the company must be on the lookout for always is changes in taste and demand. Consumers are making a shift globally towards more healthy alternatives to soda. This is because, as the world becomes more sedentary due to shifts in global economic patterns as induced by the pandemic, risk factors relating to health care on the increase. Hence consumers want to ensure that they cut down on foods and beverages that increase their predisposition to conditions such as obesity, cancer, high blood pressure, etc.

To stay relevant and competitive, the company has to seek out healthy drinks that speak to all the various localities (which are over 200 countries).

Social factors

Examples of social factors that can affect a business are:

e-commerce adaptation, purchasing habits, ease of adoption of technology, changes in customer service expectation, the education level of consumers.

The purchasing habit for Coca-cola is changing in lots of countries. People are becoming more predisposed to buying products online. How will that affect the demand for the company's products? Will it increase as online food orders increase? can the company position itself to take advantage of the trend? If yes, then it is making taking advantage of its changing social environment.

Technological factors

Adoption of best-in-class machinery is one of the strategies that has enabled Coca-Cola to achieve higher quality and quantity of its products. Speed of delivery, processes that are optimized for the lowest costs and highest outputs are now being made possible with advances in technology. Coca-cola is taking advantage of technology especially in regions such as Europe.  

Legal factors

Product liability, third-party liability, employer-employee (labor) relations, compliance, and regulatory factors are all within the scope of Coca-Cola's legal universe.  Constantly managing this space of its operations will keep it from experiencing avoidable erosion of its bottom line and brand equity.

Environmental factors

Companies no longer compete on the basis of profitability alone. Global companies are the target of onslaughts from those who campaign against the degradation of the environment. One way they do so is to discourage the consumption of the goods of a company whose activities are harming the environment.

So companies all over the world are not competing based on the triple bottom line criteria: People, Planet, Profit.

This answers the questions whether

  1. Coca-cola is in compliance with international best practices as far as labor law is concerned;
  2. How does the company handle its effluents and wastes? is it just discharging them into the earth without treatment? or is it creatively converting them into economic products? how responsible is the company socially?
  3. then of course there is the issue of keeping the books in the black

Cheers


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Use the following information for the Exercises below. [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Ramirez Company installs a computerized manufacturing machine in its factory at the beginning of the year at a cost of $84,600. The machine's useful life is estimated at 20 years, or 393,000 units of product, with a $6,000 salvage value. During its second year, the machine produces 33,300 units of product. Exercise 8-5 Units-of-production depreciation LO P1 Determine the machine’s second-year depreciation using the units-of-production method.

Answers

Answer:

$6,600

Explanation:

Depreciation per units-of-production method:

Depreciation per unit = (cost computerized manufacturing machine - salvage value) / machine's useful units of product.

Depreciation per unit = ($84,600 - $6,000) / 393,000 units

Depreciation per unit = $78,600 / 393,000 units

Depreciation per unit = $0.2 per unit

Machine’s second-year depreciation:

Depreciation second-year = depreciation per unit * second-year units of product

Depreciation second-year = $0.2 * 33,300 units

Depreciation second-year = $6,600

Final answer:

The second year's depreciation of machinery used by the company will be calculated using the units-of-production method is $6,836.50.

Explanation:

To determine the machine's second-year depreciation using the units-of-production method, we need to calculate the depreciation per unit and then multiply it by the number of units produced in the second year.

The depreciation per unit can be calculated by subtracting the salvage value from the initial cost and then dividing it by the estimated total units over the useful life of the machine. In this case, the calculation would be:

Depreciation per unit = (Initial cost - Salvage value) / Estimated total units

Substituting the given values:

Depreciation per unit = ($84,600 - $6,000) / 393,000 = $0.205 per unit

Now, we can calculate the machine's second-year depreciation by multiplying the depreciation per unit by the number of units produced in the second year.

Depreciation expense = Depreciation per unit x Number of units produced in the second year

Substituting the given values:

Depreciation expense = $0.205 per unit x 33,300 units = $6,836.50

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⦁ Which of the following is an example of money as a unit of account?⦁ purchasing a toy for $8.99
⦁ lending a friend $25.00
⦁ opening a savings account at a bank
⦁ checking the price of a camera at several stores before buying it at the lowest price

Answers

One of the properties of money is that it is a unit of account, hence lending a friend $25.00 is the answer because the friend in turn owes you $25.00, which is still your money.

What is money?

Simply put, money is any medium used for the exchange of goods and services, it can be assets, properties, tangible or intangible.It should be noted that one of the earliest systems of money is the Trade by Barter system.

Savings is the most traditional and safe type of investment. It is the most suitable for the conservative investor, who is not willing to take risks. Almost all commercial banks offer this type of investment and you don't need to be an account holder to invest.

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An investment of 1 will double in 27.72 years at a force of interest, δ. An investment of 1 will increase to 7.04 in n years at a nominal rate of interest numerically equal to δ and convertible once every two years. Calculate n.

Answers

Answer:

80

Explanation:

According to the given situation, the computation of n is shown below:-

EXP[27.72δ]=2

δ =0.025

m = 1 ÷ 2

(1 + 0.025 ÷ (1 ÷ 2))^n ÷ 2 = 7.04

n ÷ 2 × ln(1.05)=ln(7.04)

n ÷ 2=40

n = 80

Therefore for computing the n we simply applied the above formula i.e. by considering all the information given in the question

Hence,the n is 80

To find the number of years it takes for an investment of $1 to increase to $7.04 at a nominal rate of interest numerically equal to δ and convertible once every two years, we can use the formula A = P(1 + r/m)^mt. Using this formula, we can solve for t by substituting the given values into the equation and solving for t using logarithms.

To find n, the number of years it takes for an investment of $1 to increase to $7.04 at a nominal rate of interest numerically equal to δ and convertible once every two years, we can use the formula:



A = P(1 + r/m)mt



Where A is the final amount, P is the initial investment, r is the nominal rate of interest, m is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.



In this case, A = $7.04, P = $1, r = δ, and m = 2 (since it is convertible once every two years). Using this information, we can solve for t:



$7.04 = $1(1 + δ/2)2t



Divide both sides by $1:



7.04 = (1 + δ/2)2t



Take the logarithm of both sides:



log(7.04) = log((1 + δ/2)2t)



Apply the power rule of logarithms:



log(7.04) = 2t * log(1 + δ/2)



Divide both sides by 2 * log(1 + δ/2):



t = log(7.04) / (2 * log(1 + δ/2))



Plug in the value of δ to find the value of t.

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Your best friend wants to borrow $2000 from you today for an emergency purchase they need to make that requires a cash payment. They promise to pay you back $1000 in 1 year (i.e. 12 months) and then pay you $1100 in two years (i.e. in 24 months). You would have to remove the money from your stock investment account which is earning on average a return of 5% (i.e. the effective yearly interest rate you are getting on your money is 0.05). Required:
a. Is this a fair deal for you? Justify your answer with an engineering economics analysis and discussion of the situation by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) for the scenario.
b. Draw a Cash Flow Diagram for this situation.

Answers

Answer:

a. It is not a fair deal for me.

The question is how much is $1,000 today when received in 12 months' time from now.  The present value of $1,000 at 5% effective interest rate is $952 ($1,000 * 0.952).  The other repayment of $1,100 in 2 years' time from now is worth $997.70 today at the 5% effective interest rate.  This implies that my friend is repaying me $1,949.70 in present value terms.

For friendship sake, I may lend her the money, but in economic analysis terms, the NPV value will yield a negative value of $50.30 ($2,000 - $1,949.70).  My friend is not actually paying me back the amount I would lend to her.  She is paying me less than I actually would lend to her.

b. Cash Flow Diagram:

                 Year 1             Year 2

                    F1                F2

                 $1,000          $1,100     (Inflows)

Fo⇵.................⇵.......................⇵...........................⇵n period

Year 0

$2,000   (outflows)

Explanation:

The cash flow diagram for this loan is the graphical representation of the timing of the cash flows with a clear marking of the repayments made by my best friend in two instalments and the $2,000 that I lent to her.  This cash flow diagram presents the flow of cash as arrows on a timeline scaled to the magnitude of the cash flow, where outflows are down arrows and inflows are up arrows.

The Net present value (NPV) of this loan shows the difference between the present value of repayments by my best friend and the present value of $2,000 that I lent to her over a period of 2 years. To obtain this difference, the present values of cash inflows  of $1,000 in a year's time and $1,100 in two years' time are determined using the discount factor table based on the given interest rate of 5%.

Should individuals have to pay more in taxes than large corporations?

Answers

In 2017, human beings paid $1,587.12 billion in income tax. Corporations paid $297.048 billion. We bloodbags still paid a lot more than the moneymaking business entities, but it was only about five times more instead of the eight times more we are now paying.

At the beginning of a year, a company predicts total direct materials costs of $1,010,000 and total overhead costs of $1,270,000. If the company uses direct materials costs as its activity base to allocate overhead, what is the predetermined overhead rate it should use during the year?

Answers

Answer:

1.267 = Overhead Rate

Explanation:

As general approach, the manufacturing rate, along with any rate is done by dividing the cost by a cost driver.

(Cost\:Of\: Manufacturing\: Overhead)/(Cost\: Driver)= $Overhead \:Rate

In this case teh cost is the manufacturing overhead and the cost driver the direct materials cost:

(1,270,000)/(1,010,000)= $Overhead Rate

Using Direct Materials cost, the rate would be:

1.257425743= $Overhead Rate

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