Which low-energy state of condensed matter is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume?
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Solid is the low energy state of condensed matter is characterized by structural rigidity
Final answer:
The low-energy state of condensed matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to shape or volume changes is the solid state. This is due to its atomic structure, where molecules are organized in a rigid lattice, allowing the solid to maintain its shape and resist deformation.
Explanation:
The low-energy state of condensed matter that is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume is defined as a solid. Going back to its atomic structure, atoms in a solid are in close contact and the forces between them allow the atoms to vibrate but not to change positions with neighbouring atoms. Basically, this atomic regulation in a solid form leads to its characteristic rigidity and resistance to shape or volume alterations.
Molecules in a solid, unlike in a liquid or gas, are organized into a lattice formation and retain this pattern despite external forces. This allows the solid state to resist deformation, maintain its shape, and have fairly constant volume. The ability of solids to resist compression is also due to their lattice structure, where atoms are at a relatively fixed distance apart, and under compression, the atoms would be forced into one another.
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Final answer:
The movement of air in the troposphere, the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth, is key to determining a place's climate. This is shaped by variations in temperature and humidity, influenced by factors such as terrain and the presence of water sources among others. Atmospheric gases like ozone also play a protective role, contributing to Earth's habitability.
Explanation:
The churning air in the troposphere plays a crucial role in determining the climate of a place. The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface, where weather patterns occur. The air in the troposphere is in constant motion due to the heating and cooling of the Earth's surface, leading to variations in temperature and humidity, giving rise to different climates and weather patterns. For instance, astronomers find that atmospheric blurring or turbulence is minimal in places where air has flowed over long distances over water, such as coastal mountain ranges and isolated volcanic peaks in the ocean, indicating stable, clear climates.
Additionally, different gases such as O3 (ozone) in the upper layers of the atmosphere, including the stratosphere, absorb harmful UV radiation, protecting the Earth and contributing to our planet's habitability. Disruptions in ozone concentrations due to human activities can influence the temperature trends in the troposphere, affecting weather patterns and ultimately, the climate of different areas.
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Answer: .1044 J/g*C°
Explanation: The equation you need to use for this problem is :
c= q/m* ΔT
We are given
T1= 27.1 C°
T2= 145 C°
M= 34.87g
1071 J absorbed heatt
So let's solve specific heat
c= 1071J/ (87grams)*(145 C°- 27.1 C°)
c= 1071J/10,257.3 g*C°
c= .1044 J/g*C°
c=specific heat
Answers
P1v1=P2v2
So,12.3×40=v×60
V= 12.3×40/60
8.2
Answer is 8.2 I