b. trees
c. shrubs
d. grass
Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following about secondary succession is not true?
a. It occurs in ecosystems without soil.
b. It occurs in ecosystems that are already established.
c. It reduces the number of species in an ecosystem.
d. It is ...
1. Answer;
-Fungus
Explanation;
-A pioneer species is one which is the first to colonize an area, which can be seen with fungus in the way that spores are quickly spread across large areas.
-Pioneer species are usually lichens and mosses, which can grow on bare rocks. As they grow, the lichens and mosses help break up the rocks to form soil. When these organisms die, they provide nutrients that enrich the developing soil. Over time, seeds of plants land in the new soil and begin to grow.
2. Answer;
The statement above is true
Explanation;
-Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession.
-Secondary succession is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat. Examples include areas which have been cleared of existing vegetation by forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.
-Secondary succession may occur independently, but the stages of secondary succession are similar to those of primary succession; however, primary succession always begins on a barren surface, whereas secondary succession begins in environments that already possess soil.
3. Answer;
A. It occurs in ecosystems without soil.
Explanation;
-Secondary succession refers to the process that happens after a disruptive event, reducing the population of species in an ecosystem. As opposed to primary succession that occurs in an ecosystem lacking soil, secondary succession happens on preexisting soil.
-Primary succession occurs following an opening of a pristine habitat, for example, a lava flow, an area left from retreated glacier, or abandoned strip mine. In contrast, secondary succession is a response to a disturbance, for example, forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.
Grass is an example of a pioneer species, so option d is correct. The second statement is True. Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession. Secondary succession reduces the number of species in an ecosystem thus the answer is (C).
Hardy species called pioneer species are the first to establish themselves in once-biodiverse steady-state ecosystems. Lichens, fungi, bacteria, fireweed, grasses, alder, and willow are examples of pioneer species.
In primary succession, living organisms first occupy newly exposed or newly created rock. In secondary succession, a previously inhabited area is disturbed, disrupted, and then recolonized as a result of the disturbance.
In third question, among all the given options only option (c), "it reduces the number of species in an ecosystem" is not true.
Before secondary succession starts, a variety of species will already be present in the ecosystem and new complex plants and animals move in as the ecosystem develops, bringing with them new species. so it will increase the number of species in an ecosystem.
Therefore, in question 1st, option d is right, in question 2nd, the given statement is true, and in 3rd, option c is right.
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The complete part of 3rd question is:
Which of the following about secondary succession is not true?
A) It occurs in ecosystems without soil.
B) It occurs in ecosystems that are already established.
C) It reduces the number of species in an ecosystem.
D) It is initiated by a disruptive event.
Answer:
C. Cholesterol
Explanation:
Cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane and thereby, regulates its function.
Bile acids are derived from cholesterol which serves as their precursor. For example, Taurocholic acid is a polar derivative of cholesterol. Bile acids serve in the absorption of fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble vitamins as these compounds are non-polar in nature.
Vitamin D is produced when the derivative of cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol undergoes photolysis in skin cells in presence of sunlight.
The organelles that are involved in energy conversions are mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Keywords: Mitochondria, chloroplasts, cellular respiration, photosynthesis
Active transport is the means of particle transport that requires an input of energy from the cell.
Keywords: Active transport, energy, ATP
Level: High school
Subject: Biology
Topics: Cellular organelles, Physiological process
Sub-topics: Active transport
It is believed that mitochondria and chloroplasts are known to be energy converting organelles. Some components of the cells carry the ability to work as small machines and are responsible for withdrawing energy from the chemical bonds found in the ultimate source of nourishment in all living cells called glucose.
The mode of particle transport which needs the input of energy from the cell is called active transport. Active transport, in cell biology, refers to the movement of the molecules through the membrane against the concentration gradient, which means from an area of lower concentration to an area with higher concentration.
Further Explanation:
The energy converting organelles of the eukaryotes is developed from the prokaryotes which were engulfed by the primitive eukaryotic cells. This evolved a symbiotic relationship between them. This explained the reason behind mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid which encodes for certain proteins.
Energy processing in plants is fundamentally similar to that of animals and most fungi. The ultimate objective is to split down the glucose into smaller molecules and absorb the ATP or adenosine triphosphate molecules. Mitochondria are known to be the powerhouse of the cell as they are the sites for aerobic respiration.
Chloroplasts, on the other hand, stores the chlorophyll in tiny bags called thylakoids. In this process, the plants use light energy in order to produce ATP and NADPH which are known to be energy-carrying molecules and then produce glucose by using this energy.
Active transport is of two kinds,
Primary active transport utilizes adenosine triphosphate while secondary one uses an electrochemical gradient. A typical example of active transport is the uptake of glucose in the intestines in human physiology.
The movement of the ions and other molecules through the membrane of the cell without any requirement of the energy input refers to passive transport. This process does not require any input of the cellular energy as it is driven by the ability of the system to develop in entropy. There are four types of such transport, namely, filtration, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion.
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Answer details:
Grade: High school
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Plant physiology
Keywords:
Chloroplast, mitochondria, plant cell, animal cell, powerhouse, energy, ATP, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, NADPH.