The delay between the atrial and ventricular contractions is caused by the atrioventricular node (AV node). The AV node is a small cluster of cells located between the atria and ventricles.
It acts as a gatekeeper, slowing down the electrical signal from the atria so that the ventricles have time to fill with blood before they contract.
There are two main reasons for the delay at the AV node:
The AV node cells have a high threshold for depolarization. This means that they need to be depolarized to a higher level than the cells in the atria before they will fire an action potential.
The AV node cells have a long refractory period. This means that they cannot be re-excited for a period of time after they have fired an action potential.
The combination of these two factors creates a delay of about 0.12 seconds between the atrial and ventricular contractions. This delay is essential for proper heart function, as it allows the ventricles to fill with blood before they contract.
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Answer:
ventricular dyssynchrony
Explanation:
higher rates of reproduction
more susceptibility to antibiotics
greater genetic variation
Bacterial genetic recombination is characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as the recipient and the result is the production of genetic recombinants, individuals. Those recombinant bacteria have a greater genetic variation because they carry, not only the genes they inherited from their parent cells but also the genes introduced to their genomes. There are three types of mechanisms that create genetic variations in bacteria (through recombination):
1. Transformation-that occurs when bacterium takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment,
2. Transduction-occurs when DNA is accidentally moved from one bacterium to another by a virus (bacteriophage) and
3. Conjugation- when DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another through a tube between cells.
Those mechanisms of genetic recombination together with short generation time and random mutations allow bacteria to evolve very quickly and for example, create resistance to antibiotics.
phytoremediation
herbicide tolerance
gene transfer to nontarget species
Answer:
The answer is D. Gene transfer to non-target species.
Explanation:
Using DNA technology we have made several genetically modified crops called GM crops. But sometimes the transgenic trait or gene may effect the non-target species. For example Bt-crops were found damaging the soil health. These pest resistant Bt-crops release Bt toxin near the soil root zones. High levels of Bt toxin can affect the health of soil as well as the soil insects. Hence GM crops must be monitored for the effects on non-target species.
Answer:
The correct answer is: Gene transfer to non-target species. It is believed within the scientific field that these risks directly affect environmental impacts and need to be assessed on a case by case basis and recommended post-release ecological monitoring.
Explanation:
Transgenic crops could possibly entail positive or negative indirect environmental effects through changes in agricultural practices such as pesticide and herbicide use and cropping patterns. Agriculture affects the environment it does not matter which type we are talking about. Then it is normal to conclude that the use of new genetic techniques in agriculture will also affect the environment.
When glycolysis stops working ; Pyruvate , NADH and intermembrane H+ will decrease .
Glycolysis is the step ( catalyzed metabolic linear process ) in a cellular respiration whereby glucose is converted to molecules ( 2 ) of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen or into lactate in the absence of oxygen.
Since the production of pyruvate, NADH and H+ is dependent on the process of glycolysis when glycolysis is stopped the amount of Pyruvate, NADH and H+ will be reduced / decreased.
Hence we can conclude that when glycolysis stops working Pyruvate,NADH and intermembrane H+ will decrease.
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Answer:
They all Decrease
Explanation:
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