Describe how ming china, through the voyages of zheng he, viewed the world outside of china

Answer:

During the Ming Dynasty, China held a dominant position in East Asia and was largely self-sufficient in terms of resources and trade. However, the Ming rulers, particularly the Yongle Emperor, recognized the importance of expanding China's influence beyond its borders. To achieve this, they launched a series of expeditions known as the voyages of Zheng He.

Zheng He was a Muslim eunuch and trusted advisor of the Yongle Emperor. He led seven major ocean expeditions between 1405 and 1433, commanding a massive fleet of treasure ships and more than 27,000 men. These voyages took Zheng He and his fleet to various regions across the Indian Ocean, reaching as far as Africa.

Through the voyages of Zheng He, Ming China viewed the world outside with a mix of curiosity, imperial ambition, and a desire to establish diplomatic and economic ties. The Chinese saw themselves as the Middle Kingdom, the center of civilization, and considered other nations as inferior. Their primary objective was to establish China as a dominating power and secure tribute from foreign lands.

The Ming rulers sought to project Chinese power and prestige by demonstrating their advanced naval capabilities and vast wealth. Zheng He's fleet carried valuable goods such as silk, porcelain, and gold, which were given as gifts to foreign rulers to display China's prosperity and encourage tribute missions.

The voyages also served as diplomatic missions, emphasizing China's superiority and promoting the tributary system. Foreign leaders were expected to pay homage to the emperor, acknowledge Chinese authority, and exchange diplomatic gifts. By engaging in these diplomatic rituals, China sought to establish a network of friendly states and strengthen Chinese influence in the region.

Furthermore, the Ming Dynasty was interested in exploring and acquiring rare and valuable goods from other lands. Zheng He's fleet facilitated maritime trade, allowing the Chinese to acquire precious items such as exotic animals, spices, precious metals, and gemstones. These goods were highly sought after in China and helped to reinforce the emperor's status and wealth.

However, despite the voyages' diplomatic and economic objectives, Ming China did not have a strong desire to colonize foreign lands, unlike the European powers of the time. China's primary focus was to maintain dominance through a tributary system and maintain control over trade routes, rather than establishing permanent settlements abroad.

In summary, Ming China, through the voyages of Zheng He, viewed the world outside as a realm to be explored, dominated, and brought under Chinese influence. These expeditions served to display China's wealth, power, and technological advancements, establish diplomatic ties, and acquire rare goods. However, their primary intention was to maintain China's preeminence and expand its network of tribute states rather than colonize foreign territories.