b. False
a. Founding of Buddhism
b. The Age of Exploration
c. An increase in the number of hunting and gathering societies
d. The establishment of the first cities
The turning point described in the excerpt is most closely associated with the establishment of the first cities.
The turning point described in the excerpt is most closely associated with d. The establishment of the first cities.
In history, the establishment of the first cities is often considered a major turning point in human civilization. It marked the shift from small, nomadic societies to settled communities with complex social and economic systems.
This turning point led to the development of agriculture, the growth of population, the rise of social classes, and the emergence of organized governments and city-states. It also laid the foundation for advancements in various aspects of human society, such as trade, writing, art, and architecture.
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Answer:
Governor Faubus resisted the school's integration with National Guard troops, and President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce integration.
Explanation:
B. Hobbes believed that people were naturally evil, while Locke did not.
C. Hobbes followed the principles of liberalism, while Locke did not.
D. Locke supported the theory of a social contract, while Hobbes did not.
Answer: B. Hobbes believed that people were naturally evil, while Locke did not.
Further explanation:
Both English philosophers believed there is a "social contract" -- that governments are formed by the will of the people. But their theories on why people want to live under governments were very different.
Thomas Hobbes published his political theory in Leviathan in 1651, following the chaos and destruction of the English Civil War. He saw human beings as naturally suspicious of one another, in competition with each other, and acted with evil and violence toward one another as a result. Forming a government meant giving up personal liberty, but gaining security against what would otherwise be a situation of every person at war with every other person.
John Locke published his Two Treatises on Civil Government in 1690, following the mostly peaceful transition of government power that was the Glorious Revolution in England. Locke believed people are born as blank slates--with no preexisting knowledge or moral leanings. Experience then guides them to the knowledge and the best form of life, and they choose to form governments to make life and society better.
In teaching the difference between Hobbes and Locke, I've often put it this way. If society were playground basketball, Hobbes believed you must have a referee who sets and enforces rules, or else the players will eventually get into heated arguments and bloody fights with one another, because people get nasty in competition that way. Locke believed you could have an enjoyable game of playground basketball without a referee, but a referee makes the game better because then any disputes that come up between players have a fair way of being resolved. Of course, Hobbes and Locke never actually wrote about basketball -- a game not invented until 1891 in America by James Naismith. But it's just an illustration I've used to try to show the difference of ideas between Hobbes and Locke. :-)
B. Both the United States and the Soviet Union had a democratic system.
C. Both the United States and the Soviet Union had a single-party system.
D. The United States had a democratic system, and the Soviet Union had a single-party system.