What country was the first crystal discovered?

Answer:

oxidation reaction is the process of electron loss.

1. The reactant oxidised is Al

2. The reactant reduced is Fe2o3

3. The reducing agent is Al

Answer:

Column 1. They have one valence electron

Column 2. They have 2 valence electrons

Transition metal column. Variable oxidation states

Column 3–7. Valence electron ranges from 3 to 7 electrons

Column 8. Completely filled i.e no valence electron

Explanation:

Final answer:

Each column of the periodic table represents elements with a specific number of valence electrons. Columns 1 and 2 have one and two valence electrons respectively, and are known for their reactivity. Transition metals typically have one or two, Columns 3-7 have 3 to 7, and Noble Gases in Column 8 have a full shell of eight, making them unreactive.

Explanation:

We can categorize columns, or groups, of the periodic table by the number of valence electrons, which are the outermost electrons in an atom that participate in chemical bonding.

• Column 1: These elements, also known as alkali metals, have a single valence electron in their outermost shell. These elements are highly reactive due to their tendency to lose this electron and achieve a stable configuration.
• Column 2: These are the alkaline earth metals, which have two valence electrons. They are less reactive than alkali metals but will still readily lose their valence electrons to achieve stability.
• Transition Metal Columns: These contain transition metals which typically have one or two valence electrons, although this can be more complex due to the filling of inner d orbitals.
• Columns 3–7: Elements in these groups have 3 to 7 valence electrons respectively. Many form covalent bonds by sharing their valence electrons with other atoms.
• Column 8: Known as the Noble Gases, these elements possess a stable full set of 8 valence electrons (except for Helium which has 2). They are very unreactive due to their stable electronic configuration.

Learn more about Valence Electrons here:

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Answer:

M(NaOH) = 0.0789 M

Explanation:

NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O

M(NaOH)*V(NaOH) =M(HCl)*V(HCl)

M(NaOH) *45.0 mL (NaOH) = 0.12 M(HCl) * 29.6 mL(HCl)

M(NaOH) = 0.12*29.6/45.0  = 0.0789 M