What discovery led Darwin to develop his theories on adaptation?a.
The Galapagos islands contain a range of habitats.
b.
The Galapagos islands originate from volcanoes.
c.
The birds Darwin found in the Galapagos were different types of finches, not separate types of birds.
d.
Many of the organisms in the Galapagos lived in hostile environments.

The correct answer form all of the given options is (c) The birds Darwin found in the Galapagos were different types of finches, not separate types of birds.

Further explanation:

Adaptation theory given by Charles Darwin is also called survival of the fittest theory or just survival theory, it explains the ability of the organism to adapt to the changes of the environment over generations and give rise to new form of species.

Darwin named this theory natural selection stated that;

• Adaptation is the survival process through which species become suited to the surrounding environmental changes. There is process called genetic variation in which species with best suited genes or characteristics has better chances to survive and reproduce.
• Over a period of several generations the genetic make-up of the surviving species will slowly change and become completely adapted to the need of the physical environment.
• Some of the most important distinguished feature Darwin noticed regarding different species was found on nearby island of Galapagos which had similar but not identicalspecies of finches living on them, each finches species had distinguishable feature but they are adeptly suited to their respected environment. Some of them had large and tough beak whereas others had sharp and thin beak. Finally he noticed that finches found on the Galapagos island were similar to mainland Ecuador but different form elsewhere.

• Darwin furthermore noticed the turtles from two different islands one turtle population had short legs and they ate food that was low on the groundand the other one had long legs because the food source was much higher up. So the theory was that when the turtle migrated to another island in the search of food, there the food source was much higher up so, the turtle with long legs survived and evolved.

There is internal adaptation as well which cannot be seen from outside the body for example vertebrates adapting to regulate their body temperature.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High school

Subjest: Biology

Chapter: Darwin’s theory of evolution  

Keywords  

Finches, adaptation, species, natural selection, characteristics, genes, genetic variation, Galapagos.