PHYSICS HIGH SCHOOL

The dark, smooth surface areas of the Moon are known asA. craters.
B. rilles.
C. maria.
D. highlands.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer: The dark, smooth surface areas of the Moon are known as C. maria. Although they are a type of craters, they are not called that way, but rather their name is maria, because scientists who first researched this areas thought they were seas or oceans. In Latin, the word for sea is mare, and plural is maria, which is why these areas are also called that way because they resemble these waters.

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A 11.0 g rifle bullet is fired with a speed of 380 m/s into a ballistic pendulum with mass 10.0 kg, suspended from a cord 70.0 cm long.a) Compute the vertical height through which the pendulum rises.(cm)
b) Compute the initial kinetic energy of the bullet;(j)
c) Compute the kinetic energy of the bullet and pendulum immediately after the bullet becomes embedded in the pendulum.(j)

Answers

a. The vertical height through which the pendulum rises is equal to 0.9 cm.

b. The initial kinetic energy of the bullet is equal to 794.2 Joules.

c. The kinetic energy of the bullet and pendulum immediately after the bullet becomes embedded in the pendulum is equal to 0.883 Joules.

Given the following data:

  • Mass of bullet = 11.0 g
  • Speed = 380 m/s
  • Mass of pendulum = 10.0 kg
  • Length of cord = 70.0 cm

a. To determine the vertical height through which the pendulum rises:

First of all, we would find the final velocity by applying the law of conservation of momentum:

Momentum of bullet is equal to the sum of the momentum of bullet and pendulum.

M_bV_b = (M_b + M_p)V

Where:

  • M_b is the mass of bullet.
  • M_p is the mass of pendulum.
  • V_b is the velocity of bullet.
  • V is the final velocity.

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

0.011* 380 = (0.011+10)V\n\n4.18 = 10.011V\n\nV = (4.18)/(10.011)

Final speed, V = 0.42 m/s

Now, we would find the height by using this formula:

Height = (v^2)/(2g) \n\nHeight = (0.42^2)/(2* 9.8) \n\nHeight = (0.1764)/(19.6)

Height = 0.009 meters.

In centimeters:

Height = 0.009 * 100 = 0.9 \;cm

b. To compute the initial kinetic energy of the bullet:

K.E_i = (1)/(2) M_bV_b^2\n\nK.E_i = (1)/(2) * 0.011 * 380^2\n\nK.E_i = 0.0055* 144400\n\nK.E_i = 794.2 \; J

Initial kinetic energy = 794.2 Joules

c. To compute the kinetic energy of the bullet and pendulum immediately after the bullet becomes embedded in the pendulum:

K.E = (1)/(2) (M_b + M_p)V^2\n\nK.E = (1)/(2) *(0.011 + 10) * 0.42^2\n\nK.E = (1)/(2) * 10.011 * 0.1764\n\nK.E = 5.0055 * 0.1764

Kinetic energy = 0.883 Joules.

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Answer:

a) h = 0.0088 m

b) Kb = 794.2J

c) Kt = 0.88J

Explanation:

By conservation of the linear momentum:

m_b*V_b = (m_b+m_p)*Vt

Vt = (m_b*V_b)/(m_b+m_p)

Vt=0.42m/s

By conservation of energy from the instant after the bullet is embedded until their maximum height:

1/2*(m_b+m_p)*Vt^2-(m_b+m_p)*g*h=0

h =(Vt^2)/(2*g)

h=0.0088m

The kinetic energy of the bullet is:

K_b=1/2*m_b*V_b^2

K_b=794.2J

The kinetic energy of the pendulum+bullet:

K_t=1/2*(m_b+m_p)*Vt^2

K_t=0.88J

Which of the following is NOT true? a. The higher the moment of inertia, the greater the resistance to changes in angular velocity. b. The higher the moment of inertia, the slower something will roll down an incline. c. The lower the moment of inertia, the easier it is to change the angular velocity. d. The lower the moment of inertia, the slower something will roll down an incline.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The moment of inertia is the integral of the product of the squared distance by the mass differential. Is the mass equivalent in the rotational motion

a) True. When the moment of inertia is increased, more force is needed to reach acceleration, so it is more difficult to change the angular velocity that depends proportionally on the acceleration

b) True. The moment of inertia is part of the kinetic energy, which is composed of a linear and an angular part. Therefore, when applying the energy conservation theorem, the potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy, the rotational part increases with the moment of inertia, so there is less energy left for the linear part and consequently it falls slower

c) True. The moment of inertial proportional to the angular acceleration, when the acceleration decreases as well. Therefore, a smaller force can achieve the value of acceleration and the change in angular velocity. Consequently, less force is needed is easier

Final answer:

d. The lower the moment of inertia, the slower something will roll down an incline - this is the option that is NOT true. Objects with lower moments of inertia roll down inclines faster, not slower because they resist changes to their rotation less.

The correct statement that is NOT true among the provided options is: d.

Explanation:

The correct statement that is NOT true among the provided options is: d. The lower the moment of inertia, the slower something will roll down an incline.

The moment of inertia, often denoted by 'I', is essentially the rotational equivalent of mass for linear motion. It is a property of a body that measures its resistance to angular acceleration, which is its change in angular velocity.

  • a. True - The higher the moment of inertia, the greater the resistance to changes in angular velocity, because a body with a larger moment of inertia (mass concentrated farther from the axis of rotation) requires more torque to change its rotational speed.
  • b. True - The higher the moment of inertia, the slower something will roll down an incline. This is because an object with a greater moment of inertia will resist rolling down the incline more than one with a lower moment of inertia.
  • c. True - The lower the moment of inertia, the easier it is to change the angular velocity, as there is less mass resisting the change in rotation.

However, the claim in statement d is not correct as per the principles of rotational motion in physics. An object with a lower moment of inertia would actually roll down an incline faster, not slower, given the same amount of gravitational potential energy, since it has less resistance to changes in its rotational motion.

Learn more about Moment of Inertia here:

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Why don't satellites in orbit fall to the ground? Why they don't fly off into space?

Answers


-- The satellite IS falling, but it never reaches the ground because
it's also moving "sideways" ... in the direction of the orbit ... and
because the Earth is shaped like a sphere.
 
The satellite is moving sideways fast enough so that by the time
it falls 1 foot, the Earth's surface has curved down away from it
1 foot, so it's still the same distance from the Earth's surface.

-- A satellite doesn't fly off into space for the same reason that
a yo-yo doing "around the world" on the end of a string doesn't
fly off ... It's being held onto the circle by the tension in the string,
a force that keeps pulling it toward the center of the circle.

There's a force on the satellite too, that keeps pulling it toward
the center of the Earth.  It's the gravitational force between the
Earth and the satellite.

The satellite doesn't fly off into space for the same reason that
YOU don't do that either.  

The complex balancing act between a satellite's forward speed and the gravitational force pressing upon it prevents satellites in orbit from falling to the ground or shooting off into space.

When a satellite is put into orbit, it reaches a fast enough speed to escape the Earth's gravitational attraction.

By continuously falling towards the Earth and moving forward at the same time, the satellite may maintain a stableorbit.

This motion results in a curved course, which causes the Earth to be in a constant state of freefall.

Although the satellite is constantly being drawn towards the Earth by gravity, its forward velocity prevents it from dropping.

Thus, satellites don't fall or break free into space and are kept in a stable orbit.

For more details regarding satellite, visit:

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A brass washer has an outside diameter of 4.50 cm with a hole of diameter 1.25 cm and is 1.50 mm thick. The density of brass is 8599 kg/m3. If you put this washer on a laboratory balance, what will it "weigh" in grams?

Answers

We will find the mass from 
mass = density x volume 
We are told the density and must find the volume from the dimensions given 
the volume of the washer will be the area x thickness (remembering to convert all measurements to meters) 
if the washer had no hole, its area would be pi (0.0225m)^2 (remember to convert to meters and to use radius) 
the area of the hole is pi(0.00625m)^2 
so the area of the washer is pi[(0.0225m)^2 - (0.00625m)^2] = 1.5x10^-3 m 
the volume of the washer is 1.5x10^-3 m x 1.5x10^-3 m = 2.25x10^-6 m^3 (the thickness of the washer is 1.5 mm = 1.5x10^-3m) 
thus, the mass of the washer = 8598kg/m^3 x 2.25x10^-6m^3 = 0.0189kg = 18.9 grams

A 60-kg person is traveling in a car moving at 16 m/s, when the car hits a barrier. The person is not wearing a seat belt, but is stopped by an air bag in a time interval of 0.20 s. Determine the average force that the air bag exerts on the person?

Answers

Using conservation of momentum, we can solve for the force that the air bag exerts on the person.

Recall the equation for momentum (p):

p = mv = F*dt

We can solve for total momentum, then divide by out time interval. This gets us:

(60kg)(16m/s) = F(0.2s)F = 4800N

F = 4800N

A ____________ reaction occurs when a substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances in a chemical reaction.

Answers

Answer: Decomposition

Explanation:

A chemical break down of a reactant into two or more products is known as Decomposition reaction. A substance decomposes to simpler substances.

It can be represented as:

AB → A + B

Example, water breaks down into oxygen and hydrogen

2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + O₂

Thus, the correct answer is:

A Decomposition reaction occurs when a substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances in a chemical reaction.
The reaction is called decomposition reaction in which substance(reactant) breaks down into 2 or more substances (products).
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