How do adrenaline help in dealing with emergency situations

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: Adrenaline helps in emergency situation by providing energy so that the major muscles of the body can respond to the perceived threat.
In danger, the brain then sends nerve impulses to the adrenal gland in the kidneys. When the nerve signal reaches the adrenal gland, chromaffin cells, in the medulla of the adrenal gland, release epinephrine or adrenaline. It then enters the bloodstream. It is thus carried around the body to cells in various locations, where it initiates several responses.
1. Adrenaline, along with another hormone called glucagon, is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen in liver cells. Glycogen is a form of energy storage. This gives energy to the muscles
2. Adrenaline effects the skin also. Restriction of the arteries is caused by the binding of epinephrine/adrenaline to some alpha-adrenergic receptors. This cuts off blood supply to the skin. This results in the contraction of the smooth muscle cells in the skin, which cause the raising of the hairs on the surface of the skin.
3. The lungs contain smooth muscle. Epinephrine causes smooth muscles to relax. Specifically, epinephrine binds to beta-2-adrenergic receptors on bronchiole muscle cells. This allows the bronchioles to relax, which enables intensified respiration.
4. Adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart muscle cells. This causes the contraction rate of the heart to increase. This ultimately leads to increased blood supply to the tissues in the body.

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Which sentence best describes vestigial structures? They contain genetic mutations. They may have had an important function in the past. They are necessary for an organism's survival. All animals have them.

Answers

Answer: They may have had an important function in the past.

Explanation:

Vestigial structures are the ones which are present in an organism but do not serve any essential function in the organism.
It is believed that these structures must have served an important function in the past but have lost their functionality over the course of evolution.
An example of vestigial structures found in humans is the tailbone.

Vestigial structures are best described as: They may have had an important function in the past

Why does the enzyme trypsin get deactivated when introduced in the gastric juice of the stomach?

Answers

In my Biology Honors Class, they taught about gastric juice, or also known as (p H) which is formed by stomach glands, is very acidic and can seriously mess up enzyme trypsin functions. After all, enzymes are a type of catalyst that help break down food, which means that enzymes are a sort of digestive acid as well. Hope this helps!

How is most DNA duplication is the body accomplished?

Answers

most DNA duplicate through a process called mitosis

DNA carries the information for making all of the cell's proteins.These proteins implement all of the functions of a living organism anddetermine the organism's characteristics. When the cell reproduces, ithas to pass all of this information on to the daughter cells.Before a cell can reproduce, it must first replicate,or make a copy of, its DNA. Where DNA replication occurs depends uponwhether the cells is a prokaryote or a eukaryote (see the RNA sidebar onthe previous page for more about the types of cells). DNA replicationoccurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the nucleus of eukaryotes.Regardless of where DNA replication occurs, the basic process is thesame.The structure of DNA lends itself easily to DNA replication. Each side of the double helix runs in opposite (anti-parallel)directions. The beauty of this structure is that it can unzip down themiddle and each side can serve as a pattern or template for the otherside (called semi-conservative replication). However, DNA does not unzip entirely. It unzips in a small area called a replication fork, which then moves down the entire length of the molecule.Let's look at the details:An enzyme called DNA gyrase makes a nick in the double helix and each side separatesAn enzyme called helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNASeveral small proteins called single strand binding proteins (SSB) temporarily bind to each side and keep them separatedAn enzyme complex called DNA polymerase"walks" down the DNA strands and adds new nucleotides to each strand.The nucleotides pair with the complementary nucleotides on the existingstand (A with T, G with C).A subunit of the DNA polymerase proofreads the new DNAAn enzyme called DNA ligase seals up the fragments into one long continuous strandThe new copies automatically wind up again

One way in which researchers have attempted to restore vision is through implanting corneal cells in a person’s eye.

Answers

correct answer is false

false . . . . . . . . .

Blood can receive Rh+ or Rh-blood.
blood can receive Rh-blood.

Answers

Answer:

Rh+

blood can receive Rh+ or Rh- blood.

Rh-

blood can receive Rh- blood.

Explanation:

edge

Answer: An Rh+ person can receive Rh+ or Rh-. An Rh- person can only receive Rh- blood

Explanation: the Rhesus (Rh) group has three types, CDE. Of these, only the D locus is of general importance, and this is the one involved when we talk about Rh+ or Rh-. The D allele is dominant and DD or Dd are the Rh+ type, while dd is Rh-.

Rh- people have an immune response to the D and produce antibodies which causes blood clots and this can be life-threatening. Some Rh- people have anti-D antibodies in their blood, but the level is too low to affect Rh+ people transfused with Rh- blood. This is also unlikely because Rh+ is by far the more common type.

A particular problem arises when a mother is Rh- and the father Rh+ because the baby may be Rh+. If this happens the mother will produce antibodies to the foetus’s blood which will kill it if they cross the placenta. This is avoided by giving the mother Rh immunoglobulin injections during pregnancy which switch off anti-D antibody production.

It is rare for the C and E loci to cause a significant immune response.

An area that provides food and shelter see see

Answers

Habitat: An area that provides food and shelter

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