It's easier for elements with low ionization energy to form cations. Examples include elements in the first group of the periodic table such as Lithium and Sodium. As more electrons are removed from an atom, the ionization energy increases due to stronger electrostatic attraction.
In the context of ion formation, it is easier for an element with low ionization energy to form a positive ion or a cation. Ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its ground state. Elements with low ionization energy can easily lose an electron to form cations as the energy required to remove the electron is not high.
For example, elements in the first group of the periodic table, such as Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K), have relatively low ionization energies and thus, easily lose their one valence electron to form cations. On the contrary, elements with high ionization energies have a stronger hold on their electrons and are thus less likely to lose an electron and form a positive ion.
Furthermore, the successive ionization energies for a single element always increase. This is because removing an electron from an already positively charged ion or cation requires more energy due to the stronger electrostatic attraction that the ion has for its electrons. This makes it progressively harder to remove additional electrons, and create ions with higher positive charges.
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All atoms can be identified by the number of protons and neutrons they contain. The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom of potassium - 42 is 19.
The particles which are smaller in size than an atom are called subatomic particles. An atom contains three sub atomic particles, they are protons, electrons and neutrons. The positively charged particles are called protons whereas the negatively charged particles are electrons.
The neutrons are chargeless particle. Here K - 42 is a radioactive isotope which has the atomic number 19. So the number of protons is 19 and the number of neutrons is:
A = Z + N
N = A - Z
= 42 - 19 = 23
The number of protons or electrons is the atomic number whereas the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Thus the number of protons is 19 and neutrons is 23.
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Answer:
3.6cm^3
Explanation:
v=m/d
v=46.1/12.8
v=3.6cm^3