What is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere?a. Nitrogen
c. Argon
b. Helium
d. Oxygen

Answer: The correct answer is Option 2.

Explanation:

Natural transmutation is defined as the decay process of the radioactive elements which occur spontaneously by a process that causes transmutation.

Artificial transmutation is defined as the process where artificially induced nuclear reaction is done by the bombardment of nucleus with high energy particles on a radioactive element. It is a spontaneous reaction.

Natural decay or radioactive decay are the processes in which a nucleus disintegrates spontaneously on its own. There are many processes by which this decay takes place.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Final answer:

Artificial transmutation is the process where an atom of an element is made radioactive by bombardment with high-energy protons. This process was exemplified by Ernest Rutherford when bombarding nitrogen atoms with alpha particles. Thus, changes in atomic structure due to high-energy proton bombardment are results of artificial transmutation.

Explanation:

The change undergone by an atom of an element made radioactive by bombardment with high-energy protons is called artificial transmutation. This is a process of nuclear chemistry, which involves the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur through the radioactive decay of a nucleus or via the reaction of a nucleus with another particle.

An example of artificial transmutation was evident in the early work of Ernest Rutherford. In 1919, he bombarded nitrogen atoms with high-speed alpha particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons resulting from the reaction. Thus, artificial transmutation is the process responsible for the alteration in atomic structure when an element becomes radioactive due to bombardment by high-energy protons.

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Answer;

(4) the total number of protons and the total number of electrons in the atom

Explanation;

-Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. An atom is made up of energy shells and the central nucleus. The energy shells contains electrons that are negatively charged while the nucleus contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral).

-In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons are equal, thus the atomic number would indicate the number of electron and protons in an atom. The sum of protons and neutrons on the other hand gives the mass number.

Answer: The theories are such that if any chemical produce H+ ion then it is an acid and if the chemical produces OH- ion then it's a base.

Explanation:

sorry I am not that much knowledgeable like all of you

According to the concept of Avogadro's number, there are 1.505×10²³ molecules in 0.25 mole of O₂.

What is Avogadro's number?

Avogadro's number is defined as a proportionality factor which relates number of constituent particles with the amount of substance which is present in the sample.

It has a SI unit of reciprocal mole whose numeric value is expressed in reciprocal mole which is a dimensionless number and is called as Avogadro's constant.It relates the volume of a substance with it's average volume occupied by one of it's particles .

According to the definitions, Avogadro's number depend on determined value of mass of one atom of those elements.It bridges the gap between macroscopic and microscopic world by relating amount of substance with number of particles.

Number of atoms can be calculated using Avogadro's number as follows: mass/molar mass×Avogadro's number

Number  of molecules is obtained by multiplying number of moles and Avogadro's number , that is 0.25×6.023×10²³=1.505×10²³ molecules.

Thus, there are 1.505×10²³ molecules in  in 0.25 mole of O₂.

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Answer:

These all are example of ionizing radiations.

Explanation:

Alpha beta and gamma radiations are the examples of ionizing radiations. When an atom is an excited state and having high energy, the atom is in unstable state. The excess of energy is released by the atom to get the stability. The released energy is in the form of radiations which may include alpha, beta, gamma, X-ray etc.

Alpha radiations:

Alpha radiations are emitted as a result of radioactive decay. The atom emit the alpha particles consist of two proton and two neutrons. which is also called helium nuclei. When atom undergoes the alpha emission the original atom convert into the atom having mass number 4 less than and atomic

number 2 less than the starting atom.

• Alpha radiations can travel in a short distance.
• These radiations can not penetrate into the skin or clothes.
• These radiations can be harmful for the human if these are inhaled.

Beta radiations:

Beta radiations are result from the beta decay in which electron is ejected. The neutron inside of the nucleus converted into the proton an thus emit the electron which is called β particle.

• The mass of beta particle is smaller than the alpha particles.
• They can travel in air in few meter distance.
• These radiations can penetrate into the human skin.

• The sheet of aluminium is used to block the beta radiations.

Gamma radiations:

Gamma radiations are high energy radiations having no mass.

• These radiations are travel at the speed of light.
• Gamma radiations can penetrate into the many materials.
• These radiations are also used to treat the cancer.
• Lead is used for the protection  against gamma radiations because of its high molecular density.
• The lead apron are used by the person when treated with gamma radiations.
• Lead shields are also used in the wall, windows and doors of the room where gamma radiations are treated, in-order to protect the surroundings.

Answer:

a

Explanation: