The hybrid atomic orbitals are formed by the combination of the valence orbitals on an atom. The hybrid orbitals formed have different energy and shape compared to the atomic orbitals that combine to form the hybrid orbitals. Hybrid orbitals help in explaining the shapes of the molecules and other bonding properties.
Therefore the correct answer will be,
b. A mixture of the valence orbitals in an atom
e. There are as many hybrid orbitals as there are valence orbitals that mix together.
f. Hybrid orbitals have a different shape and different energy than the atomic orbitals of which they are made
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Explanation:
The observations are as follows: Initially with the plates in the dark, no electrons pass between the plates and no current flows. As we shine light on the plates, going from low energy red to high energy blue, suddenly current begins to flow. How?
Einstein explained the result be describing the light waves as packets of energy. He called the packets of energy photons. Each photon has a specific energy, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy. When a high-energy photon hits the plate (such as a green or blue), the photon has enough energy to knock out an electron and then the electron, being negative, will fly to the positive side. At this point, current flows.
The lower energy photons are unable to know out the electrons and no energy can flow.
The exciting thing to note is the treatment of energy as a particle or a packet, it is consistent with the fact energies are not additive. If we can bump electrons with light at 600 tera-hertz , we can�t just use 300 tera-hertz for twice the time and still expect to bump electrons.
What if the photon has greater than the threshold energy required to pop out an electron? The extra energy just goes into the kinetic energy of the electron. This relationship can be described by the following equation.
hf = w + KE
where hf is the energy of the photon.
w is the energy required to bump an electron.
KE is the kinetic energy of the electron.
If the photon has less energy than w, no electron is emitted.
Increasing the brightness of light for red, yellow, orange, and green colors can cause a metal to absorb more energy and potentially undergo physical or chemical changes such as expansion or emitting light of a certain color.
Increasing the brightness of the light for the colors red, yellow, orange, and green will affect the metal in different ways depending on the specific metal being used. Generally, metals will absorb some of the energy from the light and convert it into heat. This increase in heat can cause the metal to expand, change its color, or undergo other physical or chemical changes.
For example, when a metal is exposed to bright light, it may heat up and expand, leading to changes in its shape or dimensions. Additionally, depending on the metal and its properties, the increased brightness of light can lead to certain metals absorbing specific wavelengths of light, which can cause the metal to emit photons and exhibit a characteristic color.
In summary, increasing the brightness of light for red, yellow, orange, and green colors can cause a metal to absorb more energy and potentially undergo physical or chemical changes such as expansion or emitting light of a certain color.
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B. [Na +3] / [PO43-]
C. [Na +] }[PO43-)
D. [Na] +3/[PO4) 3 -
The solubility product expression for Na3PO4(s) is [Na+]^3[PO4^3-], which denotes the ion concentration in the solution after the dissolution of sodium phosphate. therefore, option A is correct
The solubility product expression for Na3PO4(s) would be written as [Na+]^3[PO4^3-]. The solubility product, Ksp, is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a sparingly soluble substance. The solubility product expression depends on the stoichiometry of the dissolution reaction. Sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, dissociates in water into 3 sodium ions, Na+, and 1 phosphate ion, PO4^3-. Therefore, the solubility product expression is [Na+]^3[PO4^3-], where [Na+] and [PO4^3-] represent the molar concentration of these ions in the solution.
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The solubility product expression of Na3PO4 is not among the given options because Na3PO4 is soluble in water and for soluble compounds, we don't write a solubility expression.
The solubility product expression is typically written for an ionic compound that is sparingly soluble in water. The solubility product expression of Na3PO4 is not among the options you've provided because every ionic compound has its own specific solubility product expression. Na3PO4 is soluble, so we don't write a solubility expression for it. In general, for a reaction where a solid dissolves in water such as A3B (s) ↔ 3A+ (aq) + B3- (aq), the solubility product expression would be [A+]^3 [B3-].
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Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the environment and make it cooler, such as photosynthesis in plants, while exothermic reactions release energy into the environment and make it hotter, like burning wood in a fireplace.
Endothermic and exothermic reactions are different in terms of energy absorption and release. In an endothermic reaction, energy in the form of heat is absorbed from the surroundings into the system (reaction). This causes the environment to become cooler. An example would be the process of photosynthesis in plants.
In contrast, an exothermic reaction releases energy into the surroundings. As a result, the environment around an exothermic reaction heats up. An example of an exothermic reaction is combustion, such as the burning of wood in a fireplace.
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B) Light bends around a sharp edge
C) A pendulum swings back and forth
D) A balloon inflates when air is blown into it