Biologists once assumed that the phenotype of a dominant allele would always be the most common phenotype in a population. Which finding led biologists to a different conclusion? the discovery that most organisms have pairs of like chromosomes and, therefore, a pair of alleles for many traits

the discovery that dominant traits are adaptive and recessive traits help stabilize the population

the discovery of populations in which the phenotype of the recessive allele help a population survive

the discovery that populations undergo evolution when they are exposed to the process of natural selection

Scientists concluded that the phenotype of a dominant allele would always be the most common phenotype in a population, and that the discovery of populations in which the recessive allele phenotype helps a population survive, and the discovery that populations evolve when they are exposed to the process of natural selection, to understand more we need to know that....

Phenotype distributions

Stabilizing selection. In stabilizing selection, intermediate phenotypes are more apt than extreme phenotypes. For example, medium-green beetles may be better at camouflaging themselves, thus better at surviving in a forest covered with medium-green plants. Stabilizing selection tends to narrow the curve.

Directional selection. An extreme phenotype is fitter than all other phenotypes. For example, if the beetle populationmigrates to a new environment with dark soil and vegetation, dark green beetles can hide better and survive longer than lighter beetles. Directional selectionshifts the curve towards the most favorable phenotype.

Disruptive selection. The phenotypes of the two extremes are fitter than those in the middle. For example, if the beetles migrate to a new environment with patches of light green moss and dark green bushes, both the light green and dark green beetles will be able to hide better (and survive) than the medium green colored beetles. Diversifying selection produces multiple peaks on the curve.

Based on this information, we can conclude that the following statements:

• The discovery of populations in which the phenotype of the recessive allele help a population survive
• The discovery that populations undergo evolution when they are exposed to the process of natural selection

All this information is of great importance to understand the phenotypes of populations of living beings.

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