Cell determination refers to the molecular process where a cell is dictated what specific cell type it will become, driven by the expression of tissue-specific genes. During fertilization, the membrane of the egg undergoes significant changes, notably in the zona pellucida, upon binding of a sperm. Furthermore, cells can follow determinate or indeterminate pathways, with the former having a predetermined cell fate and the latter a more versatile potential.
Cell determination refers to the process during which a cell's fate is decided - what type of cell it will become. This process is largely accompanied by molecular changes, particularly the expression of certain genes for tissue-specific proteins. For example, in the embryo's environment, some cells will start expressing genes that code for skin cells, hence they become destined to develop into skin cells - this is an instance of determination. These processes are regulated by precise, location-specific chemical signals.
On the other hand, during fertilization, once a sperm binds and penetrates the egg's membrane, this leads to a cascade of significant structural changes in the membrane, particularly in the zona pellucida which prevents any further penetration by another sperm. This prevents polyspermy, ensuring that only one sperm fuses with one egg.
In addition, the pathway of the cell can alter between determinate and indeterminate. Determinate means that from an early stage, the cell is destined to become a particular type of cell. Whereas in an indeterminate state, the cell is capable of becoming any cell type - a characteristic feature of stem cells.
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Answer:
D misinformation effect paradigm
Explanation:
The misinformation effect: In psychology, the misinformation effect is defined as the inaccurate recall of past-event information by an individual. The new information that has been formed in an individual's memory works backwards in time to diminish or distort the memory related to the original event. It came into existence or being studied since the 1970s. It often leads to the development of false memories and inaccurate memories.
In the question above, the given statement is an example of the misinformation effect paradigm.
Athens and Sparta began working together.
Athens became the leader of the Greek city-states.
Sparta became the leader of the Greek city-states.
Answer:
The main effect of the Persian Wars was that Persia was no longer a threat to anyone, as it was defeated by Alexander the Great.
Explanation:
The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and the Greek cities that began in 490 BC and extended until the year 478 BC. The collision between the fragmented political world of ancient Greece and the huge Persian empire began when Cyrus II the Great conquered Ionia in 547 BC and had two critical moments in the two failed expeditions of the Persians against Greece, in 490 and 480-479 BC, known respectively as First and Second Persian War. The confrontation between Greeks and Persians, of which the Persian Wars were only a phase, lasted a total of more than two centuries and culminated in the conquest and dissolution of the Achaemenian Empire by Alexander the Great in the following century.
b. a 25-year-old, Black, male, rookie officer working night shift, and making an arrest
c. a 30-year-old, White, female with 5 years of experience, working day shift, and performing a well check
d. a 40-year-old, White, male officer with 20 years of experience, performing pedestrian stops
Answer:
The correct answer is b: a 25-year-old, Black, male, rookie officer working night shift, and making an arrest.
Explanation:
All factors present in the situation set bigger possibilities that the officer gets involved in a force incident. The officer is young (25-year-old) and inexperienced (rookie), which means he's likely to make mistakes while doing some procedures. Besides this, other cases (options A, C, and D) are about officers who are well-experienced, adults, and not doing such a risky job. The officer described in option b is performing an arrest, which is something that may upset people, even when they are guilty. Additionally, he works at night (the perfect time for criminals, robbery, and more drunk people on the streets). Finally, he's black, which could lead situations to racism demonstrations and aggressive behavior from some people.