What is the potential energy when you roll a object down a ramp

Answer:

Which atomic model describes the atom as a nucleus surrounded by electrons that may travel as waves in the electron cloud?

Explanation:

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Answer:

He sent a cathode ray between electrically changed metal plates.

Explanation:

A P E X

Answer:

He experimented with subatomic particles in cathode tubes to discover  protons and electrons.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding shells of electrons. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius. Three widely used definitions of atomic radius are: Van der Waals radius, ionic radius, and covalent radius.

Answer:

Column 1. They have one valence electron

Column 2. They have 2 valence electrons

Transition metal column. Variable oxidation states

Column 3–7. Valence electron ranges from 3 to 7 electrons

Column 8. Completely filled i.e no valence electron

Explanation:

Final answer:

Each column of the periodic table represents elements with a specific number of valence electrons. Columns 1 and 2 have one and two valence electrons respectively, and are known for their reactivity. Transition metals typically have one or two, Columns 3-7 have 3 to 7, and Noble Gases in Column 8 have a full shell of eight, making them unreactive.

Explanation:

We can categorize columns, or groups, of the periodic table by the number of valence electrons, which are the outermost electrons in an atom that participate in chemical bonding.

• Column 1: These elements, also known as alkali metals, have a single valence electron in their outermost shell. These elements are highly reactive due to their tendency to lose this electron and achieve a stable configuration.
• Column 2: These are the alkaline earth metals, which have two valence electrons. They are less reactive than alkali metals but will still readily lose their valence electrons to achieve stability.
• Transition Metal Columns: These contain transition metals which typically have one or two valence electrons, although this can be more complex due to the filling of inner d orbitals.
• Columns 3–7: Elements in these groups have 3 to 7 valence electrons respectively. Many form covalent bonds by sharing their valence electrons with other atoms.
• Column 8: Known as the Noble Gases, these elements possess a stable full set of 8 valence electrons (except for Helium which has 2). They are very unreactive due to their stable electronic configuration.

Learn more about Valence Electrons here:

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