Describe all the forces acting on an elevator as it moves from rest upward and stops at its floor.

The force which acts on the elevator while it starts its motion are described as follows :

1. The elevator when starts from rest, moves in a direction opposite to the gravity, hence there is an upward force which acts on the elevator. It is more than the weight due to gravity of the elevator to cause the motion. This upwards force is the force produced by the strings pulling the elevator upwards.

2. The downwards force is the weight of the elevator which is being imposed due to the gravity of the Earth to pull everything towards it, and the mass of the elevator. This downward force is less than the upward force.

3. When the elevator stops, the upward force and downward force are equal but opposite in magnitude.

Final answer:

An elevator experiences tension in the supporting cable, weight of the elevator, upward force from the floor, and gravitational force as it moves upward from rest. As it accelerates, the tension in the cable is larger than the weight making the elevator and its occupants feel heavier. Conversely, as it decelerates to stop, they feel lighter due to reduced force exerted on the floor and scale.

Explanation:

When an elevator moves upward from rest to it's designated floor, it experiences several forces. The primary forces here include the tension in the supporting cable (T or I), the weight of the elevator (we), the upward force from the floor of the elevator or the normal force (N or Ñ), and the gravitational force which is usually represented by the weight of the person (w) and the weight of the scale (ws).

While the lift is still or moving at a constant speed, the tension in the cable (T or I) and the weight of the elevator are equal but opposite, so they cancel out. But, as the elevator begins to ascend, the tension in the cable must overcome the weight hence it's larger causing the elevator to accelerate upwards. When the elevator approaches the destined floor and begins to decelerate, the tension eases and becomes lesser than the weight.

In relation to the person in the elevator, when the elevator is at rest or moving at consistent speed, the person experiences their normal weight. When the elevator accelerates upwards, the person feels slightly heavier due to the increased force they exert on the floor (Fp or I) and subsequently on the scale (Fs). When the elevator decelerates to stop, the force they exert on floor and scale becomes less and, thus, they feel slightly lighter.

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