Variance Analysis Question The Glass Vessel Company has established the following budget for producing one of its handblown vases: Materials (silica) 2 pounds @ 1.25 per pound Labor 1.5 hours @ $15.00 per hour In March of the most recent year, Glass Vessel produced 300 vases using 650 pounds of materials. Glass Vessel purchased the 650 pounds of materials for $845. Actual total labor costs for March were $7,200, which entailed 480 hours of labor. Please answer both of the following questions:Materials (silica) 2 pounds @ 1.25 per pound
Labor 1.5 hours @ $15.00 per hour
1. What was Glass Vessel’s flexible budget variance for materials in March? (As part of your answer, please indicate whether this variance was favorable or unfavorable.)
2. What was Glass Vessel’s labor efficiency/usage variance for March? (As part of your answer, indicate whether this variance was favorable or unfavorable.)
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Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer:

(i) -62.5 (Unfavorable)

(ii) -450 (Unfavorable).

Explanation:

(1) Material variance:

Material cost variance is the difference between standard cost for actual output produced and the actual cost of materials.

Material cost variance = (SQ × SP) – (AQ × AP)

Where SQ = Standard quantity for actual output, AQ = Actual quantity, SP = Standard Price and AP = Actual price.

This material cost variance can be subdivided into material price variance and material usage variance.

Material price variance = AQ × (SP – AP)

Material usage variance = SP (SQ - AQ)

In the problem, it is given that materials 2 pounds @ 1.25 per pound.

Therefore, SP = $1.25 and SQ per unit = 2 pounds.

It is given that Glass vessel produced 300 vases using 650 pounds of material.

Therefore, AQ = 650 pounds and actual output = 300 vases.

Therefore SQ for actual output:

= (SQ per unit) × (Actual output)

= (2 pounds) × (300 vases)

= 600 pounds.

It is given that Glass vessel purchased 650 pounds of material for $845.

Therefore Actual price = $845 ÷ 650 pounds

                                      = $ 1.3

SP = $1.25 and AP = $1.3

SQ = 600 pounds and AQ = 650 pounds.

Material cost variance = (SQ × SP) – (AQ × AP)

Material price variance = AQ × (SP – AP)

Material usage variance = SP × (SQ-AQ)

Material cost variance (MCV):

= (600 × 1.25) – (650 × 1.3)

= -95 (Unfavorable)

Material price variance (MPV):

= 650 × (1.25 – 1.3)

= -32.5 (Unfavorable)

Material usage variance (MUV):

= 1.25 (600-650)

= -62.5 (Unfavorable)

Verification:

MCV = MPV + MUV

        = (-32.5) + (-62.5)

        = -95.

(2) Labor variances:

Labor cost variance is the difference between standard labor cost and the actual cost.

Labor cost variance = (SH × SR) – (AH × AR)

Where SH = Standard hours for actual output, AH = Actual hours, SR = Standard rate and AR = Actual rate.

Labor cost variance can be subdivided into Labor rate variance and Labor efficiency variance.

Labor rate variance = AH × (SR-AR)

Labor efficiency variance = SR × (SH – AH)

It is given that Labor 1.5 hours @ $15 per hour is the standard.

Therefore, SR = $15 and SH per unit = 1.5 hours.

SH for actual output = SH per unit × actual output

                                 = 1.5 × 300

                                 = 450 hours.

It is given that the actual total labor costs for March were $7200, which entailed 480 hours of labor.

Therefore, AH = 480 hours.

AR = Labor cost ÷ labor hours

     = 7,200 ÷ 480

     = $15.

SH = 450 hours, AH = 480 hours, SR = $15 and AR = $15.

Here, standard rate and actual rate are same. Therefore the labor rate variance is NIL. So the entire labor variance will come under labor efficiency variance.

Labor cost variance = (SH × SR) – (AH × AR)

Labor rate variance = AH × (SR-AR)

Labor efficiency variance = SR × (SH – AH)

Labor cost variance = (450 × 15) – (480 × 15)

                                 = -450 (Unfavorable)

Labor rate variance = 480 × (15-15)

                                 = 0

Labor efficiency variance = 15 × (450 - 480)

                                          = -450 (Unfavorable).


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Answers

Answer:

Nick has lower opportunity cost.

Explanation:

Rosa can dig holes in 1 hour.  

Nick is slow and takes 6 hours to dig the holes.  

Rosa earns $120 per hour.  

Nick earns $15 per hour.  

The opportunity cost of digging holes for Rosa is $120 that she could have earned in that 1 hour.  

The opportunity cost for Nick is  

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It is evident that Nick has a lower opportunity cost.

It costs Vaughn Company $26 per unit ($18 variable and $8 fixed) to produce its product, which normally sells for $38 per unit. A foreign wholesaler offers to purchase 4800 units at $21 each. Vaughn would incur special shipping costs of $2 per unit if the order were accepted. Vaughn has sufficient unused capacity to produce the 4800 units. Required:
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Answers

Answer:

Effect on income= $4,800 increase

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

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A foreign wholesaler offers to purchase 4800 units at $21 each. Vaughn would incur special shipping costs of $2 per unit if the order were accepted.

Because it is a special order and there is unused capacity, we will not take into account the fixed costs.

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Answers

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The cost structure of two firms competing in the same industry is represented by the following cost formulas: Company X = $2,276,000 + $50/ unit; Company Z = $1,052,000 + $98/unit. The selling price is $145 per unit for both companies. Required: 1. Calculate the indifference point between the two cost structures, that is, the amount of unit sales that produce exactly the same operating income for Company X and Company Z.

Answers

Answer:

Indifference point= 25,500

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Company X = $2,276,000 + $50/ unit

Company Z = $1,052,000 + $98/unit

We need to find the indifference point where the two companies provide the same total cost.

We need to equal both cost equations:

2,276,000 + 50x = 1,052,000 + 98x

1,224,000 = 48x

25,500= x

x= number of units

To prove:

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Company Z = $1,052,000 + $98*25,500= $3,551,000

A company has total fixed costs of $180,000 and a contribution margin ratio of 30%. How much sales are necessary to break even? a) $540,000
b) $600,000
c) $54,000
d) $126,000

Answers

Answer:

b) $600,000

Explanation:

The break-even sales can be regarded as sales value in which the result makes the firm to report zero profit.

Total fixed costs was given from the question as ( $180,000)

The Contribution margin ratio was give from the question as ( 30%)= 0.3

✓break even point can be calculated as ratio of Total fixed costs to Contribution margin ratio. This can be expressed as

break even point=[Total fixed costs ]/ [ Contribution margin ratio.]

Substitute,

break even point= [ $180,000]/ [0.3]

=$600,000

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