Benzene is a starting material in the synthesis of nylon fibers and polystyrene (styrofoam). Its specific heat capacity is 1.74 J/g·°C. If 16.7 kJ of energy is absorbed by a 225-g sample of benzene at 20.0°C, what is its final temperature?

In contrast to inorganic chemical rocks, which result from non-biological processes such as salt left over when a lake evaporates, biochemical rocks are formed by once-living creatures, such as limestone from marine shells.

The process, which is inorganic and frequently the consequence of a body of water evaporating and concentrating the ions, occurs in chemical sedimentary rocks. The formation of one kind of sedimentary rock may be mediated by both chemical (inorganic) and biological (organic) processes. Aragonite and calcite make up limestone. The majority of limestone is biological in origin, while it can also occur as a chemical sedimentary rock that forms inorganically as a result of precipitation. In actuality, limestone is the biochemical sedimentary rock that is found most frequently. In marine (i.e., oceanic or salty sea) settings, nearly all limestone

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Answer:

Sublimation is basically cause by the heat absorption and this process is an endothermic since it require extra energy.

It basically provide sufficient energy to molecules to control the various type of attractive forces from the neighbors and then convert it into the vapor phase.

Sublimation occur when the particle of gases become cold because some substances has high vapor pressure. Sublimation is the endothermic change and it occur below the triple point in terms of pressure and temperature.

Answer:

28.2 g of NaOH

Explanation:

We need to calculate the grams of NaOH needed to react with 25.0 g of Cl₂ in the following reaction:

2 NaOH(aq) + Cl₂(g) → NaOCI(aq + H₂0(I) + NaCl(aq)

We are going to solve this by making use of the molar ratio between Cl₂ and NaOH given by the reaction equation where we see that every mol of Cl₂ will react with 2 moles of NaOH.

So first we need to convert the 25.0 g of Cl₂ to moles:

• Molar Mass of Cl₂ = 2 x 35.45 = 70.90 g/mol
• Moles of Cl₂ = 25.0 g / 70.90 g/mol = 0.3526 moles

Then we need to calculate the moles of NaOH needed to react with these moles of Cl₂ knowing that every mol of Cl₂ will react with 2 moles of NaOH:

• moles of NaOH = 2 x moles of Cl₂ = 2 x 0.3526 moles = 0.7052 moles

Next we must convert these moles to grams:

• Molar Mass of NaOH = 22.990 + 15.999 + 1.008 = 40.00 g/mol
• Mass of NaOH = 0.7052 moles x 40.00 g/mol = 28.2 g

28.2 g are needed to react with 25.0 g of Cl₂ in the production of NaOCl

The quantity of acetic acid that is needed to prepare the 500 mL buffer is 9.0075 grams.

Given the following data:

• Volume of acetate buffer = 500 mL to L = 0.5 L.

• Molarity of acetate buffer = 0.300 M.

• pH = 4.90.

• MW = 60.05 g/mol.

• pKa = 4.76.

How to calculate the mass of acetic acid.

First of all, we would write the equilibrium chemical reaction for acetate-acetic acid as follows:

Next, we would calculate HA by applying Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

Where:

• HA is acetic acid.

•  is acetate ion.

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

For the concentration of both acids, we have:

For acetate ion:

At a volume of 0.5 liters, we have:

By stoichiometry:

Total moles = = 0.15 moles.

Mass = 9.0075 grams.

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Answer:

You will need 9,0 g of acetic acid

Explanation:

The equilibrium acetate-acetic acid is:

CH₃COOH ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺ pka = 4,76

Using Henderson-Hasselbalch you will obtain:

pH = pka + log₁₀

Where HA is acetic acid and A⁻ is acetate ion

4,90 = 4,76 + log₁₀

1,38 = (1)

As acetate concentration is 0,300M:

0,300M = [HA] + [A⁻] (2)

Replacing (2) in (1):

[HA] = 0,126 M

And:

[A⁻] = 0,174 M

As you need to produce 500 mL:

0,5 L × 0,126 M = 0,063 moles of acetic acid

0,5 L × 0,174 M = 0,087 moles of acetate

To produce moles of acetate from acetic acid:

CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COO⁻ + Na⁺ + H₂O

Thus, moles of acetate are equivalents to moles of NaOH and all acetates comes from acetic acid, thus:

0,087 moles of acetate + 0,063 moles of acetic acid  ≡ 0,15 moles of acetic acid × = 9,0 g of acetic acid

I hope it helps!

Answer:

0,12 μmol/L of MgF₂

Explanation:

Preparation of solutions is a common work in chemist's life.

In this porblem says that you measure 0,00598 μmol of MgF₂ in 50,0 mL of water and you must calculate concentration in  μmol/L

You have 0,00598 μmol but not Liters.

To obtain liters you sholud convert mL to L, knowing 1000mL are 1 L, thus:

50,0 mL (1L/1000mL) = 0,05 L of water.

Thus, concentration in  μmol/L is:

0,00598 μmol / 0,05 L = 0,12 μmol/L -The problem request answer with two significant digits-

I hope it helps!

Final answer:

The given reaction will shift towards cis-2-butene once placed in equilibrium. This can be determined by calculating the reaction quotient and comparing it with the equilibrium constant.

Explanation:

The reaction could either shift towards the cis-2-butene or trans-2-butene depending on whether the reaction quotient, Q, is lesser or greater than the equilibrium constant, Kp.

Bear in mind that Kp = Ptrans/Pcis. Let's say that Pt is the partial pressure of trans-2-butene and Pc is the partial pressure of cis-2-butene at equilibrium. If we start with 5 atm of each gas, the change in Pc is -x and the change in Pt is +x.

So, Kp = (5+x)/(5-x). We are given that Kp = 3.4. Solving these two equations will show that x is a negative value, which means that the system shifts towards cis-2-butene.

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Final answer:

For the isomerization reaction cis-2-butene ⇌ trans-2-butene, with an initial pressure of 5.00 atm for both gases and a Kp of 3.40, the system will shift towards the product, trans-2-butene, as Kp > Qp (1). This reflects the principle that a chemical system at equilibrium will shift to counteract any change.

Explanation:

In terms of the equilibrium constant (K), for gas-phase reactions, Kp represents equilibrium in terms of partial pressures, while Kc represents it in molar concentrations. For instance, in the isomerization reaction given cis-2-butene ⇌ trans-2-butene, Kp is given as 3.40. To determine the behavior of the system, we need to compare it to reaction quotient (Q). Given that the flask initially contains 5.00 atm of each gas, Qp is 1 (since Qp = partial pressure of trans-2-butene / partial pressure of cis-2-butene). Since Kp > Qp, the reaction will shift towards the products, hence the system will shift towards trans-2-butene. From this, it is clear that the equilibrium constant and reaction quotient play vital roles in determining the direction of shift in a chemical equilibrium.

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