Describe how you would use the information depicted in the potential energy diagram below to determine the enthalphy change of the reaction and if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic?
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When the formation of a substance is negative, it means that it releases heat to the surroundings. When it releases heat to the surroundings, the reaction is exothermic. When it absorbs heat from the surroundings, the reaction is endothermic.
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An atom has an atomic number of 12 and a mass number of 25. How many neutrons does the atom have?12 13 25 37
Which element is so active chemically that it occurs naturally only in compounds?1. Potassium2. Silver3. Copper4. Sulfur
B. Produce unchanging, absolute answers
C. Give explanations for natural events
D. Understand patterns
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The most accurately represented John Dalton's model of the atom is: C. a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given element
Further explanation
The development of atomic theory starts from the first term conveyed by Greek scientists who suggested that every substance has the smallest particles so that the word atomos appears, which means it cannot be divided. So, John Dalton, a British scientist put forward the hypothesis about atoms, among others:
- 1. The elements are composed of atoms which are small particles which cannot be subdivided
- 2. Atoms that make up the same element have the same properties, mass, and size, while for different elements, the properties are also different
- 3. Compounds are composed of two or more atoms in a fixed ratio
- 4. In chemical reactions, atoms after and before a reaction cannot be destroyed, only separation and reassembly occur
Point 3 shows the relationship with The Law of Constant Composition of Proust so that further research on atoms is more developed
Dalton's hypothesis is described as a solid sphere like a very small shot put ball or a bowling ball based on Dalton's hobby in bowling
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Bohr's model of the atom
Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment
The part of an atom that is mostly empty space
Keywords: atom, Dalton, a solid sphere, The Law of Constant Composition
The statement that accurately represents John Dalton’s model of the atom is
Further Explanation:
Postulates of John Dalton’s atomic model:
1. The matter contains indivisible particles. These particles are known as atoms.
2. Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.
3. Atoms of the same element show similarity in their shape and mass, but they are different from the elements of the other elements.
4. Atom is the smallest unit that participates in the chemical reaction.
5. Atoms of different elements can form compounds by combining with each other in a fixed, simple and whole number ratios.
6. Atoms of the same element can form two or more compounds by combining in more than one ratio.
Advantages of John Dalton’s atomic model:
1. This theory explains the laws of chemical combination.
2. It provides a clear distinction between atoms and molecules. Atom is the fundamental particle of an element whereas the molecule is that of a compound.
Limitations of John Dalton’s atomic model:
1. It failed to explain the further division of atoms into subatomic particles.
2. It did not mention any concept of isotopes (atoms of the same element with same atomic number and different mass numbers) and isobars (atoms of different elements with same mass number but different atomic numbers).
3. This theory failed to explain the reason for the existence of allotropes.
4. This theory is not applicable to complex organic molecules.
Dalton’s atomic model is also known as the billiard ball model. He assumed atoms to be tiny solid spherical objects similar to the billiard balls. He called these atoms as indivisible particles. But they have some mass for the particular element.
So atom is a tiny solid sphere with a predictable mass for the given element.
Learn more:
1. Rate of chemical reaction: brainly.com/question/1569924
2. Bohr’s model of the atom: brainly.com/question/2965079
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Structure of the atom
Keywords: Tiny, solid, sphere, atom, John Dalton’s model, small particle, indivisible, allotropes, isobars, isotopes, complex, organic molecules, molecules, distinction, fundamental, laws of chemical combination, fixed, simple, chemical reaction.
b. Uranium
c. Chlorine
d. Dynamite
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The example of a chemical agent is chlorine. Details about chemical substances can be found below.
What is a chemical substance?
A chemical is a material with a specific chemical composition.
Chlorine is a toxic, green, gaseous chemical element (symbol Cl) with an atomic number of 17.. Chlorine is widely used for treating water.
Therefore, an example of a chemicalagent is chlorine.
Learn more about chemical agent at: brainly.com/question/14987504
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Final answer:
The charges of ions that Sulfur (S), Potassium (K), Boron (B), Iodine (I), and Bromine (Br) are most likely to form are -2, +1, +3, -1, and -1, respectively. This is determined by their positions on the periodic table.
Explanation:
The charge of an ion that a certain atom is most likely to form is dependent on its position on the periodic table. Elements on the left side of the periodic table (like potassium) tend to lose electrons and form positive ions, while elements on the right side (like sulfur, iodine, bromine) tend to gain electrons and form negative ions.
The charge of a sulfur (S) ion is usually -2 because sulfur, being in Group 16, tends to gain two electrons to reach a stable electronic configuration. The charge of a potassium (K) ion is usually +1. This is because potassium, which is in Group 1, usually loses one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. The charge of a boron (B) ion is usually +3 because boron, being in Group 13, tends to lose three electrons in order to reach stability. The charge of an iodine (I) ion is usually -1 because iodine, which is in Group 17, tends to gain one electron to reach stability. Lastly, the charge of a bromine (Br) ion is usually -1, because bromine, also in Group 17, tends to gain one electron to attain a stable electronic configuration.
Learn more about Charges of Ions here:
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Answer:
Sulfur (S) is
-2
Potassium (K) is +1
Boron (B) is +3
Iodine (I) is -1
Bromine (Br) is -1
Explanation:
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Answer:
The final pressure in the system is 731,4 mmHg
Explanation:
To solve the unknown we apply Boyle's Law for gases where keeping the amount of gas and temperature constant, the relationship between pressure and volume from one state to another is:
P1 . V1 = P2 . V2
(8,60L . 455mmHg) = P2 . 5,35L
(8,60L . 455mmHg) / 5,35 L = P2
731,40 mmHg = P2
b. When multiplying, the answer is determined by the number of significant figures
c. When adding, the answer is determined by the number of decimal places
d. When dividing, the answer is determined by the number of decimal places
e. The number 50,004 has five significant figures