Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahigh-energy (in the range of 1012W) pulses of light that last for an extremely short time (a few nanoseconds). These short pulses scramble the interior of a cell without causing it to explode, as long pulses would do. We can model a typical such cell as a disk 5.0μm in diameter, with the pulse lasting for 4.0 ns with an average power of 2.0×1012W. We shall assume that the energy is spread uniformly over the faces of 100 cells for each pulse. (a) How much energy is given to the cell during this pulse? (b) What is the intensity (in W/m2) delivered to the cell? (c) What are the maximum values of the electric and magnetic fields in the pulse?

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer:

a. 80 J/cell b. 1.02 × 10²¹ W/m² c. 8.77 × 10¹¹ V/m d. 2.92 × 10³ T

Explanation:

a. We know that energy E = Pt where P = power and t = time

The total energy delivered to all the 100 cells is E = average power × time

average power = 2 × 10¹² W and time = 4 ns = 4 × 10⁻⁹ s

E = 2 × 10¹² W × 4 × 10⁻⁹ s = 8 × 10³ J

The energy per cell E₁ = E/100 = 8 × 10³ J/100 = 80 J/cell

b. Intensity, I = P/A where P = power per cell = 2 × 10¹² W/100 = 2 × 10¹⁰ W and A = area = πr². Since the cell is modeled as a disk of diameter d = 5.0μm, r = d/2 = 5.0 μm/2 = 2.5 μm = 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ m

I = P/A = P/πr² = 2 × 10¹⁰ W/π(2.5 × 10⁻⁶ m)² = 1.02 × 10²¹ W/m²

c. The intensity I = E²/2cμ₀ where E = maximum value of electric field, c = speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s and μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m

E = √(I2cμ₀) = √(2 × 1.02 × 10²¹ W/m² × 3 × 10⁸ m/s × 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m) = 8.77 × 10¹¹ V/m

The maximum magnetic field B is gotten from E/B = c

B = E/c = 8.77 × 10¹¹ V/m/3 × 10⁸ m/s  = 2.92 × 10³ T


Related Questions

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When driving downhill, your vehicle will accelerate and start moving fast, due to _______________.a. kinetic energy b. gravity c. the amount of pressure you put on the accelerator pedal d. wet pavement
Doubling the voltage in a circuit doubles the current if what is held constant?
Select all that apply.There is no sound in the vacuum of space. Why?Sound must travel through something that vibrates.There is no energy in space.There is no air to vibrate the human eardrum.Space is too full of light energy.
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Which of the following statements is true?a. Money is a medium of exchange.
c. Money serves as a store of value.
b. Money is a unit of account.
d. all of the above

Answers

Answer;

A. Money is a medium of exchange.

Explanation;

Money actually serves several different key functions in our economy. It is a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.

  • Medium of Exchange: When money is used to intermediate the exchange of goods and services, it is performing a function as a medium of exchange.
  • Unit of Account: It is a standard numerical unit of measurement of market value of goods, services, and other transactions.
  • Store of Value: To act as a store of value, money must be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved. It must be predictably usable as a medium of exchange when it is retrieved.

Final answer:

D. All of the above statements are true. Money is a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.

Explanation:

Money is a medium of exchange because it is used to buy goods and services. It is also a unit of account because prices and values are expressed in terms of money. Lastly, money serves as a store of value, allowing individuals to save and accumulate wealth over time. Money serves various essential functions in modern economies. It is a medium of exchange, facilitating the buying and selling of goods and services.

Money also acts as a unit of account, providing a common measure of value for comparing prices. Additionally, it serves as a store of value, allowing individuals to save and transfer purchasing power over time. Money enables economic efficiency, trade, investment, and financial transactions, making it a cornerstone of economic systems.

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Acid mine drainage is: pollution caused when water, wind or ice erodes the overburden forming erosion drainage channels.
dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams.
a buildup of residual acidity in soils destroys large areas of vegetation.
the acidity of metals in mines exceeds level 9 on the pH scale.

Answers

Answer:

Acid mine drainage is dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams.

Explanation:

Acid mine drainage is the flow of acidic water with pH typically between 2 and 4, and high concentrations of other dissolved toxic materials from mines into nearby lakes and streams. It mainly occurs during metal sulfide mining, when the metal sulfide ore such as pyrite (FeS2) is exposed to water and oxygen from air to produce soluble iron and sulfuric acid.

Microorganisms, especially acidophile bacteria like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grow by pyrite oxidation, i.e., oxidizing the Fe²⁺ in pyrite to Fe³⁺, which again react with pyrite and water to produce sulfuric acid. Then the acidic water flows into nearby water sources and reduces the pH value of water in those sources. As a result, heavy metals such as copper, lead, mercury, etc in other mineral ores also get dissolved into the water. The action of acidophile bacteria also increases the rate and degree of acid-mine drainage process.

The acid mine drainage causes water pollution and adversely affect the aquatic plants and animals. It also results in the contamination of drinking water, corrosion of infrastructures such as bridges, etc.

A stone is dropped from a cliff. What will be its speed when it was fallen 100 m?

Answers

Answer:

final velocity will be44.72m/s

Explanation:

HEIGHT=h=100m

vi=0m/s

vf=?

g=10m/s²

by using third equation of motion for bodies under gravity

2gh=(vf)²-(vi)²

evaluating the formula

2(10m/s²)(100m)=vf²-(0m/s)²

2000m²/s²=vf²

√2000m²/s²=√vf²

44.72m/s=vf

Answer:

44.2m/s

Explanation:

2gs = vf*2 - vi*2

2 x 9.8 x 100 = vf*2 - 0

1960 = vf*2

vf = 44.2 m/s

Which describes the eye of a hurricane?a. brings winds of up to 300 km/h
c. has strong, spinning winds
b. has warm, calm air and light winds
d. has spiraling bands of heavy rain

Answers

B

THE EYE OF THE STORM IS CALM

Answer:

b. has warm, calm air and light winds

Explanation:

The eye of a hurricane is calm and "peaceful", it's the region with calm weather. But the eyewall is really dangerous, due to its pressure and speed difference. Actually, the eyewall has the most severe winds and weather. Another important characteristic is that the eye has the lower pressure.

So, among the options, b. is the right answer.

b. has warm, calm air and light winds

the jamaican bobsled team hit the brakes on their sled so that it decelerates at a uniform rate of 0.43 m/s, how long does it take to stop if it travels 85 m before coming to rest

Answers

 here's a cheap trick 
it would take the same time to accelerate from rest to top speed 
as it would take to decelerate from top speed to zero 
so 
instead of 
d = Vi t + 1/2 a t^2 where Vi is positive and a is negative 
we'll use 
Vi = 0 and a is positive 
giving 
85 = 0 + 1/2 (0.43) t^2 = 0.215 t^2 
t^2 = 395.345 
t = 19.88s or 20. s to 2 sig figs 

or we ccould find Vi from 
Vf*2 = Vi^2 + 2 a d 
0 = Vi^2 + 2 (0.43) 85 
Vi^2 = 71.4 
Vi = 8.45m/s 
then 
85 = 8.45 t + 1/2 (-0.43) t^2 
85 = 8.45 t - 0.215 t^2 
0.215 t^2 - 8.45 + 85 = 0 
t = 19.65s or 20. s to 2 s.f.(minor difference arises from rounding Vi) 
or another cheap trick 
when a is constant 
Vavg = (Vf + Vi) /2 = 8.45/2 = 4.225 
and 
d = Vavg t 
85 = 4.225 t 
t = 20.12 or 20. s to 2 s.f. (minor differences from intermidiate roundings) 

anyway you choose you get 20. s

A ball is thrown upwards and it goes to the height 100 m and comes down 1) What is the net displacement?

Answers

Answer:

o m

Explanation:

The net displacement is 0 because it returns to its original position. The final position and initial position are the same, so displacement is 0.