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Scientists would deal with the aspect of cloning a particular gene into a bacterium or making of hybridoma cells that will produce the particular required protein. Engineers will then design and develop a bioreactor which is a programmed instrument that avails the required substances to the cells/bacteria in specific amounts and at particular time periods to grow and reproduce the cells in large amounts.

Answer:

a solid

Explanation:

because because gas would excerpt forced throughout the whole container and plasma would be too hot for the plastic container and liquid would flow throughout the container touching the sides and solid is the only one that would probably only touch the bottom of the plastic container exerting force through there

Answer:

Cobalt is indeed a metal, and its atoms exhibit certain characteristics and interactions with other cobalt atoms. Here are some key features:

Atomic Structure: The cobalt atom has an atomic number of 27, meaning it has 27 protons in its nucleus. It also typically contains 27 electrons, arranged in energy levels or shells around the nucleus. The electron configuration of cobalt is [Ar] 3d^7 4s^2.

Magnetic Properties: Cobalt is known for its magnetic properties. At room temperature, it is ferromagnetic, meaning it can be permanently magnetized. This is due to the arrangement of electrons in its outermost energy levels.

Metallic Bonding: In solid cobalt, metallic bonding occurs. Metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms within a metal lattice. In cobalt, the outermost electrons are relatively free to move throughout the metal structure, forming a "sea" of delocalized electrons. This contributes to the metal's electrical and thermal conductivity.

Alloy Formation: Cobalt readily forms alloys with other metals. Common examples include cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and cobalt-nickel (Co-Ni) alloys. These alloys often exhibit enhanced strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion.

Coordination Chemistry: Cobalt is known to form coordination complexes due to its ability to act as a Lewis acid. It can form bonds with ligands, which are typically molecules or ions with lone pairs of electrons. These complexes play a crucial role in various chemical reactions, including catalysis.

Oxidation States: Cobalt can exist in different oxidation states, including +2, +3, and +4. The +2 oxidation state is the most common for cobalt and is stable in many compounds. Cobalt compounds with different oxidation states exhibit diverse chemical and physical properties.

Overall, cobalt atoms in metallic cobalt interact through metallic bonding, while cobalt in compounds can participate in coordination chemistry and exhibit different oxidation states, leading to a wide range of applications and reactivity.

Explanation:

Answer:

1.- Theoretical yield is 1.64 g of aspirin

2.- %Yield is 75.6%

Explanation:

The theoretical yield of aspirin could be calculated by the molar relation between anhydride acetic and salicylic acid which is 1:1. It means that the reaction of one mole of anhydride acetic with one mole of salicylic acid will produce 1 mole of aspirin and one mole of acetic acid.

It is possible to calculated the number of moles using moles=grams/molar mass. in the attached figure we can see the molar mass of each compound.  

The number of moles of anhydride acetic can be calculated using the density and the volumen.  

g=(1.08 g/mL)*(2.90 mL)=3.13 g of anhydride  

moles= 3.13 g/(102.09 g/mol)= 0.031 moles of anhydride acetic

The same for salicylic acid and we have:  

moles= 1.23g/ (138.12 g/mol)= 0.0090 moles of salicylic acid

There is not 1:1 relation between this two compounds because there is much more anhydride acetic than salicylic acid, so the reaction is limited by the 0.0090 moles of salicylic acid which produce 0.0090 moles of aspirin.  

g= moles*molar mass  

Theoretical yield of aspirin= (0.009 moles)*(182.13 g/mol)= 1.64 g

The percent yield of aspirin for the reaction can be calculated using the nex formula:  

%yield= ((real yield)/(theoretical yield))*100

The real yield was 1.24 g of aspirin  

%Yield=(1.24g/1.64)*100=75.6%

Final answer:

To determine the theoretical yield of aspirin, calculate the moles of acetic anhydride and salicylic acid, use the balanced equation to find the moles of aspirin, and convert to grams. The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100.

Explanation:

To determine the theoretical yield of aspirin, we need to first calculate the number of moles of acetic anhydride and salicylic acid. Then, we use the balanced equation to find the number of moles of aspirin produced. Finally, we convert the moles of aspirin to grams using its molar mass. The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100.

Step 1: Calculate the moles of acetic anhydride
2.90 mL × 1.08 g/mL = 3.132 g
Moles of acetic anhydride = mass / molar mass = 3.132 g / 102.09 g/mol = 0.0307 mol

Step 2: Calculate the moles of salicylic acid
Moles of salicylic acid = mass / molar mass = 1.23 g / 138.12 g/mol = 0.0089 mol

Step 3: Use the balanced equation to find the moles of aspirin produced
According to the balanced equation: 1 mol of acetic anhydride reacts with 1 mol of salicylic acid to produce 1 mol of aspirin
Since the moles of acetic anhydride and salicylic acid are the same, the moles of aspirin produced = 0.0089 mol

Step 4: Calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin in grams
The molar mass of aspirin is 180.16 g/mol
Theoretical yield of aspirin = moles of aspirin × molar mass of aspirin = 0.0089 mol × 180.16 g/mol = 1.61 g

Step 5: Calculate the percent yield of aspirin
Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100
Percent yield = (1.24 g / 1.61 g) × 100 = 77.0%

Learn more about Determining theoretical yield and percent yield of a chemical reaction here:

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