BUSINESS COLLEGE

Pendergast, Inc., has no debt outstanding, and has a total market value of $180,000. Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) are projected to be $23,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is a strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 20% higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 30% lower. Pendergast is considering a $75,000 debt issue with a 7% interest rate. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 6,000 shares of stock outstanding, and the relevant tax rate is 35%. a- Calculate ROE and EPS under each of the economic scenarios before any debt is issued. b- Repeat part a, assuming that the company goes through with the capitalization. c- Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer:

See the explanation below:

Explanation:

a- Calculate ROE and EPS under each of the economic scenarios before any debt is issued.

Under an expansion

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $23,000 * (100% + 20%) = $27,600

Earnings after taxes = $27,600 * (100% - 35%) = $17,940

Return on equity (ROE) = Earnings after taxes / Total market value of equity = $17,940 / $180,000 =

0.0997, or 9.97%

Earnings per share (EPS) = Earnings after taxes / Number of shares of stock outstanding = $17,940 /

6,000 = $2.99 per share

Under a recession

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $23,000 * (100% - 30%) = $16,100

Earnings after taxes = $16,100 * (100% - 35%) = $10,465

Return on equity (ROE) = Earnings after taxes / Total market value of equity = $10,465 / $180,000 =

0.0581, or 5.81%

Earnings per share (EPS) = Earnings after taxes / Number of shares of stock outstanding = $10,465 /

6,000 = $1.74 per share

b- Repeat part a, assuming that the company goes through with the capitalization.

Under an expansion

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $23,000 * (100% + 20%) = $27,600

Interest on debt = $75,000 * 7% = $5,250

Page 2 of 2

Earnings after interest = $27,600 - $5,250 = $22,350

Earnings after taxes = $22,350 * (100% - 35%) = $14,527.50

Return on equity (ROE) = Earnings after taxes / Total market value of equity = $14,527.50/ $180,000 =

0.0807, or 8.07%

Earnings per share (EPS) = Earnings after taxes / Number of shares of stock outstanding = $14,527.50 /

6,000 = $2.42 per share

Under a recession

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $23,000 * (100% - 30%) = $16,100

Interest on debt = $75,000 * 7% = $5,250

Earnings after interest = $16,100 - $5,250 = $10,850

Earnings after taxes = $10,850 * (100% - 35%) = $7,052.50

Return on equity (ROE) = Earnings after taxes / Total market value of equity = $7,052.50 / $180,000 =

0.0392, or 3.92%

Earnings per share (EPS) = Earnings after taxes / Number of shares of stock outstanding = $7,052.50 /

6,000 = $1.18 per share

c- Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession.

Percentage change under expansion = ($2.42 - $2.99)/$2.99 = 0.1902 decrease, or 19.02% decrease.

Percentage change under recession = ($1.18 - $1.74)/ $1.74 = 0.3218 decrease, or 32.18% decrease

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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On July 23 of the current year, Dakota Mining Co. pays $4,715,000 for land estimated to contain 5,125,000 tons of recoverable ore. It installs and pays for machinery costing $410,000 on July 25. The company removes and sells 480,000 tons of ore during its first five months of operations ending on December 31. Depreciation of the machinery is in proportion to the mine’s depletion as the machinery will be abandoned after the ore is mined. Required: Prepare entries to record the following. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round "Depletion per ton" to two decimal places and round all other answers to the nearest whole dollar.) (a) The purchase of the land. (b) The cost and installation of machinery. (c) The first five months' depletion assuming the land has a net salvage value of zero after the ore is mined. (d) The first five months' depreciation on the machinery.

Answers

Answer:

journal entries to make are as shown below: DAKOTA MINING CO

question 1

Date            Transaction                        Debit              credit             amount

July 23        land  purchase            Land account                        $ 4,715,000

july 23          land purchase                                           Bank       $ 4,715,000

question 2

July 25          Machine cost          machine account                     $410,000

July 25           Machine cost                                            bank        $410,000

December 31  depletion 5 months      profit                                $441,600

December 31   depletion                                         mine reserve   $0.92/ton

December 31    Depreciation               profit                                    $441,600

December 31,   depreciation                                    land                   $441,600                  

Explanation:

Purchase of fixed asset: the asset account usually have debit balances, so you debit the asset account and credit Dakota bank account where the money was paid out. The land account and  machine accout will have the purchase cost/installation cost as debit balances(entries) respectively while Dakota Mining co bank account will be credited with the respective amounts $ 4,715,000 -land purchase and $410,000- machine cost/installation.

The depletion quantity in 5 months was given. using ratio we extrapolate the depletion quantity was a full year as 1,152,000 QTY (12/5 X 480,000)

= 1,152,000 QTY the useful life of the mine is then calculated by dividing the reserve amount by the annual production of 1,152,000 = 4.448784 yrs

depreciation annually = divide cost of land by useful life = $1.059,840

5 months depreciation = 5/12  x annual depreciation = $441,600

depletion per ton is gotten as follows: divide $441,600 by 480,000 tons mined for 5 months = 0.92/ton depletion rate

Faux Trees Company produces artificial Christmas trees. A local shopping mall recently made a special order offer; the shopping mall would like to purchase 230 extra-large white trees. Faux Trees Company is currently producing and selling 20,000 trees; the company has the excess capacity to handle this special order. The shopping mall has offered to pay $160 for each tree. An accountant at Faux Trees Company provides an estimate of the unit product cost as follows This special order would require an investment of $5000 for the molds required for the extra-large trees. These molds would have no other purpose and would have no salvage value. The special order trees would also have an additional variable cost of $6.03 per unit associated with having a white tree. This special order would not have any effect on the company's other sales. If the special order is accepted, the company's operating income would increase (decrease) by

Answers

Answer:

operating income increase by 30,413 dollars

Explanation:

We will calculate the income as usuall revenues - expense

We aren't given with other manufacturing cost so we assume this are all the cost involved in the order:

Special Order Revenue: 230 trees at $160 each: 36,800

Special Order Cost:

mold cost:                                                 5,000

variable cost: 230 trees x 6.03 dollars = 1,387

Total cost for the order:                            6,387

Financial outcome:     36,800 - 6,387 =  30,413

Final answer:

The special order from the local shopping mall would increase the Faux Trees Company's operating income by $22,413.10.

Explanation:

To determine the change in the operating income due to this special order, we must first calculate the total revenue and total costs associated with the order. The total revenue can be calculated as the product of the offered price per tree ($160) and the number of trees ordered (230), which equals $36,800.

The total cost is the sum of the initial investment for the molds ($5000), plus the variable cost per tree ($6.03) multiplied by the number of trees (230), which equals $6386.90.

So, the change in operating income, or profit, due to this special order can be found by subtracting the total costs ($6386.90 + $5000) from the total revenue ($36800). In this case, the special order would increase the company's operating income by $22,413.10.

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In 2005, ABC Company issued $100,000 of 20-year bonds at face value. Ten years later, in 2015, the company retired the bonds early by purchasing them in the open market at $101,000. The entry to record this transaction includes a:

Answers

Answer:

b. debit to Loss on Bond Retirement of $1,000.

Explanation:

Options are "A.  credit to Gain on Bond Retirement of $1,000.  B.  debit to Loss on Bond Retirement of $1,000.  C.  debit to Bonds Payable of $101,000.  D.  credit to Cash of $100,000."

When a bond is retired before maturity a gain or loss may arise. In such case if the price paid to retire the bonds is greater the carrying amount of bonds then the company need to record a loss on retirement in the book. On the other hand if the price paid is less than the carrying amount of the bonds at retirement, then the company records a gain on retirement of bonds.

Is cost minimization equivalent or identical the concept of product maximization. True of False. Explain

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Given a certain production level, cost minimization is equal to product maximization. Cost minimization refers to the production level where average total cost per unit is lowest. On the other hand, production maximization refers to maximizing product output given certain restraints, e.g. amount of raw materials, number of labor hours, etc. Product maximization basically refers to the efficiency of production.

If someone can achieve product maximization and cost minimization, they should be maximizing profit.

A loan of $100,000 is taken out which requires an annual interest payment of 6% of the borrowed amount of money (in market dollars). No principal payments are made, only interest is paid. Inflation is 3.1% per year. what will be the value of interest payment at the end of fifth year in real dollars?A. $5,930 B. $6,000 C. $5,150. D. $6.989

Answers

Answer:

C. $5,150

Explanation:

Calculation for what will be the value of interest payment at the end of fifth year in real dollars

First step is to calculate the Interest amount per year

Interest amount per year = 100,000*6%

Interest amount per year = $6,000

Now let calculate the value of interest payment at the end of fifth year in real dollars

Value of interest payment in 5th year in real dollars = 6,000/(1+3.1%)^5

Value of interest payment in 5th year in real dollars= 6,000/1.164913

Value of interest payment in 5th year in real dollars= $5,150

Therefore the Value of interest payment in 5th year in real dollars will be $5,150

O’Dell Vegetables purchased a harvesting machine on July 1, 2016, for $984,000. The machine was estimated to have a useful life of 8 years with an estimated salvage value of $140,000. O’Dell uses the straight-line method of depreciation. During 2019, it became apparent that the machine would become uneconomical after December 31, 2023, and that the machine would have no scrap value. What should be the charge for depreciation in 2019 under generally accepted accounting principles?

Answers

Answer:

Depreciation expense in 2019 is $144,050

Explanation:

O’Dell Vegetables uses the straight-line method of depreciation, Depreciation Expense each year is calculated by following formula:

Depreciation Expense = (Cost of machine − Salvage Value )/Useful Life

From July 1, 2016 to 2018:

Annual Depreciation Expense = ($984,000 - $140,000)/8 = $105,500

Depreciation Expense in 2016 = $105,500x6/12 = $52,750

Accumulated Depreciation (end 2018) = $52,750 + $105,500 + $105,500 = $263,750

From 2019, the machine would become uneconomical after December 31, 2023:

Salvage Value = 0 and Remaining useful life = 5 year

Depreciation  Expense  = (Historical Cost - Accumulated Depreciation - Salvage Value)/Remaining Useful Life = ($984,000-$263,750-0)/5 = $144,050

Depreciation in 2019 is $144,050
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