When a gas condenses to liquid the process is exothermic with the release energy and the enthalpy change is negative. As liquid has more ordered structure than gas, the entropy, which is the measure of disorder decreases or ∆ S has a negative value.
Free energy is given by the Gibb's free energy equation,
∆G = ∆H –T∆S
For a process to be spontaneous ∆ G must be negative.
∆H is negative and ∆S is negative, so the magnitude of |T∆S| should be less than the magnitude of |∆H| in that way ∆G is always negative.
|T∆S| should be less than the magnitude of |∆H|, so to favor that T should be low. The process is spontaneous at a lower temperature than at a higher temperature.
The temperature change indicates an increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a sample is 15°C to 298 K. Thus option 1 is correct.
Kinetic energy is defined as a form of energy that an object or particle has by the reason of its movement.
It can also be defined as the measure of the work that an object does by virtue of its motion.
Average kinetic energy is defined as a product of half of the mass of each molecule and the square of RMS speed.
The kinetic energy id directly proportional to temperature, with increase in temperature kinetic energy increases.
Thus, the temperature change indicates an increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a sample is 15°C to 298 K. Thus option 1 is correct.
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1) CCl4
2)SiO2
3)C6H12O6
4) H2SO4
The substance that has been acting as an electrolyte from the given molecules is sulfuric acid. Thus, option 4 is correct.
Electrolytes have been defined as the chemical substances that has been dissociated into constituent ions when dissolved in the aqueous solution.
The ionic compounds are bounded by weak intermolecular forces and are dissociated into ions in the solution. Thus, the compounds are given as electrolytes.
The covalent bonded molecular atoms are not dissociated into ions and are not considered as electrolytes.
The substance that has been acting as an electrolyte from the given molecules is sulfuric acid. Thus, option 4 is correct.
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Answer:
high electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen
Explanation:
Water molecules become polar due to the difference in electronegativity between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This leads to the development of partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. These polar bonds allow for the formation of hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
Water is a polar molecule, with the hydrogen atoms acquiring a partial positive charge and the oxygen a partial negative charge. This occurs because the nucleus of the oxygen atom is more attractive to the electrons of the hydrogen atoms than the hydrogen nucleus is to the oxygen's electrons. Thus oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen and the shared electrons spend more time in the vicinity of the oxygen nucleus than they do near the nucleus of the hydrogen atoms, giving the atoms of oxygen and hydrogen slightly negative and positive charges, respectively. Another way of stating this is that the probability of finding a shared electron near an oxygen nucleus is more likely than finding it near a hydrogen nucleus. Either way, the atom's relative electronegativity contributes to the development of partial charges whenever one element is significantly more electronegative than the other, and the charges generated by these polar bonds may then be used for the formation of hydrogen bonds based on the attraction of opposite partial charges. (Hydrogen bonds, which are discussed in detail below, are weak bonds between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms to slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules.) Since macromolecules often have atoms within them that differ in electronegativity, polar bonds are often present in organic molecules.
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