The apparent brightness of a star depends on how bright it really IS, and also on its distance from Earth. Just like matches, flashlights, and fireflies, stars that are closer to us look brighter to us. (Think about the Sun.)
Answer:
What happens when we add resistors in series or parallel? ... If you connect the voltmeter in series, there will not be two different points as you connect it to ... What happened to the brightness of the bulbs and the ammeter reading as more light.
Explanation:
Explanation:pH (7)
The degree of acidity or alkalinity (basic) is important in organisms. The body must constantly maintain a near neutral pH (7) in the blood and body tissues. To do this, the body produces buffers that can neutralize acids.
Organisms must maintain a specific pH level according to their biological requirements and environment. The majority of human body cells operate within a pH range of 7.2 to 7.6. Depending on their tolerances, microorganisms like neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkaliphiles can thrive in varying pH levels.
In biological terms, the pH level is an important parameter that organisms need to maintain for survival and optimal functioning. Each type of organism has a different optimal pH range, often within a narrow window, depending on its biological requirements and environment.
Most cells in our bodies, for instance, operate within a pH scale ranging from 7.2 to 7.6. A deviation from this range could adversely affect the functioning of cells and proteins, potentially inducing coma or causing death.
Many microorganisms fall into categories like neutrophiles, acidophiles, or alkaliphiles, based on their optimal pH conditions. Neutrophiles, such as most bacteria, grow best at neutral pH close to 7.0. Acidophiles, on the other hand, grow best at a pH near 3.0, while alkaliphiles have an optimal pH range of 8 to 10.5.
These optimal pH values, minimum and maximum growth pH, cover a wide range, playing a significant role for microorganisms' survival and in food preservation. For example, the optimal growth pH of Salmonella spp. is between 7.0-7.5, but it can tolerate a minimum growth pH of around 4.2.
Extreme acidophiles and alkaliphiles can survive in astonishingly harsh conditions, with some acidophiles living at pH values near zero and alkaliphiles at pH levels around 13. However, conditions that are too acidic or alkaline could break down critical biological molecules like proteins and DNA, therefore posing substantial challenges for organisms' survival.
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b. Lithium
c. Nitrogen
d. Magnesium
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